Medical Physics \ Grade 1

Code: MPSY 104    Credits:5

Physics of the Skeleton

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY1.1	A. Explain the functions of bones in the human body. This includes support, locomotion, protection of organs, storage of chemicals, nourishment, and sound transmission. B. Describe the composition and structure of bone tissue. This includes the living and nonliving components, the process of bone remodeling, and the different types of bone (compact and spongy).	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY1.2	Discuss bone remodeling and related conditions. This includes the process of bone remodeling, osteoporosis, and bone densitometry.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY1.3	Explain the physical properties of bone. This includes density, elasticity, viscoelasticity, and piezoelectricity.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY1.4	Describe the lubrication of bone joints. This includes the components of the joint and the properties of synovial fluid.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Heat and Cold in Medicine

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY2.1	A. Explain the concept of heat and its relationship to molecular motion and temperature. B. Describe the different temperature scales and the conversion formulas between them.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY2.2	Discuss the principles and types of thermometry used for measuring temperature, including glass thermometers, infrared thermometers, etc.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY2.3	Explain the applications of heat in medicine, specifically thermography and heat therapy.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Energy, Work, and Power of the Body

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY3.1	A. Explain the concept of energy conservation in the body using the first law of thermodynamics. B. Define and discuss the units of energy and power in the context of the human. C. Discuss the regulation of body temperature in warm-blooded animals.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY3.2	A. Explain the concepts of work and power in relation to the human body and how energy is converted. B. Describe the different methods of heat transfer from the body, including radiation, convection, and evaporation.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Pressure within the Body

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY4.1	A. Define pressure and its units. B. Explain how pressure in a liquid increases with depth and differentiate between absolute pressure and gauge pressure.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY4.2	A. Describe how pressure is measured in the body, specifically blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. B. Explain the pressure in the respiratory system, skull, and eye. C. Discuss pressure in the digestive system and the urinary bladder.	K, S	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY4.3	Explain the pressure in the skeleton and the concept of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Physics of Respiratory System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY5.1	Describe the functions of the lungs in respiration, including gas exchange, maintaining blood pH, heat exchange, fluid balance, and voice production.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY5.2	Explain the physics of breathing, including the mechanics of inspiration and expiration and the role of intrapleural pressure.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY5.3	A. Describe the measurement of lung volumes using a spirometer. B. Define various lung volumes and capacities.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY5.4	A. Explain lung compliance and airway resistance and their significance in respiratory function. B. Discuss the physics of common lung diseases, including emphysema, asthma, and fibrosis.	K	Large group lecture	Standardized Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Physics of Cardiovascular System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY6.1	A. Describe the components of the cardiovascular system, including the roles of blood, the circulatory system, and the heart. B. Explain the two separate systems of blood flow.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY6.2	A. Explain the role of diffusion in oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange within tissue. B. Describe the cardiac cycle, including the events in diastole and systole.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Electricity within the Body

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY7.1	A. Explain the structure and function of the nervous system, including the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, and autonomic nervous system. C. Describe the anatomy of a neuron and the roles of its main components: cell body, dendrites, and axon.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY7.2	Explain the electrical potentials of nerves, including the resting potential and action potential, and how these potentials are generated and propagated.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY7.3	Describe the electrical signals from the heart, including the (ECG), the cardiac cycle, and the significance of different waves and intervals in the ECG.	K, S	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY7.4	Explain the electrical signals from the brain, including the (EEG) and the different types of brain waves.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY7.5	Discuss the electrical signals from the eye, including the electroretinogram (ERG) and the electrooculogram (EOG), and the measurements derived from these recordings.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Light in Medicine

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY8.1	Describe the properties of light, including refraction, dual behavior (wave-particle duality), heat production, fluorescence, and reflection.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY8.2	Discuss the applications of visible light in medicine, such as its use in visual examinations, medical instruments (ophthalmoscopes, otoscopes, endoscopes), transillumination, and phototherapy.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY8.3	Explain the applications of ultraviolet (UV) light, infrared (IR) light and lasers in medicine, including their use in surgery, ophthalmology, dermatology, dentistry, and ENT treatments.	K, S	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Physics of Eye and Vision

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY9.1	A. Explain the basic components of the eye and their functions in the process of vision. B. Describe the function of the retina in converting light images into electrical nerve impulses.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY9.2	A. Discuss the concept of visual acuity and how it is measured. B. Explain common vision defects, and their correction methods.	K, S	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Sound in Medicine

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY10.1	A. Explain the nature of sound as mechanical energy that propagates through a medium. B. Describe the properties of sound waves. C. Discuss the dependence of sound speed on the compressibility and density of the transmitting medium.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY10.2	Explain the concepts of reflection and refraction of sound waves.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY10.3	A. Discuss the Doppler Effect and its application in measuring the speed of moving objects or fluids within the body. B. Describe the physiological effects of ultrasound and its use in therapy.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Physics of Speech and Hearing

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY11.1	Explain the mechanics of the vocal tract, including the respiratory system, larynx, and articulators and study the physics of sound wave generation and propagation as it relates to speech.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY11.2	A. Understand the physical basis of common hearing impairments (e.g., conductive vs. sensorineural hearing loss). B. Discuss how physical principles relate to the use of hearing aids and cochlear implants.	K, S	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Physics of Diagnostic X-ray

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY12.1	Explain the fundamental physical principles of X-ray generation, including the production of Bremsstrahlung and characteristic radiation, and their clinical relevance.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY12.2	Describe the various interactions of X-rays with human tissue (photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, pair production) and their impact on image contrast and diagnostic accuracy.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY12.3	Explain the physical principles behind different X-ray imaging modalities, such as conventional radiography, fluoroscopy, and computed tomography (CT), and their clinical applications.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Physics of Nuclear Medicine

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY 13.1	Explain the fundamental principles of radioactive decay and nuclear transformations relevant to nuclear medicine.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY 13.2	Describe the properties of commonly used radionuclides in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine, including their decay modes and emitted radiations.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ
MPSY 13.3	Compare and contrast the physical principles behind different nuclear medicine imaging modalities, such as planar imaging, SPECT, and PET.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions and MCQ

Practical

Blood Pressure Measurement by Using Sphygmomanometer

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY 1.1	Describe the physiological principles underlying blood pressure measurement, including systolic and diastolic pressure, and their relationship to arterial blood flow.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 1.2	Explain the mechanism by which a sphygmomanometer measures blood pressure, including the role of the cuff, pressure gauge, and stethoscope.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 1.3	Accurately measure blood pressure on a simulated patient or fellow student, and record the results.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Measurement of the Refractive Index of a Liquid by Abbe Refractometer

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY 2.1	Describe the principle of refraction and its relationship to the refractive index of a substance.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 2.2	A. Accurately measure the refractive index of a given liquid sample using the Abbe refractometer. B. Record and document the measured refractive index, including relevant experimental conditions.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 2.3	Discuss the clinical significance of refractive index measurements in relevant medical fields (e.g., ophthalmology, analysis of bodily fluids).	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Electromyography (EMG)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY 3.1	Explain the physiological principles underlying muscle contraction and the generation of electrical signals within muscle fibers.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 3.2	A. Illustrate the relationship between muscle activity and the resulting EMG waveform. B. Describe how changes in electrolyte concentrations (e.g., potassium, calcium, magnesium) can alter waveform morphology.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 3.3	Relate EMG findings to clinical symptoms and other diagnostic test results.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Absorbance of Solution

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY 4.1	Explain the relationship between the concentration of a solution and its absorbance of light, as described by Beer Lambert's Law.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 4.2	A. Construct a calibration curve (absorbance vs. concentration). B. Determine the concentration of an unknown solution.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 4.3	Discuss the applications of absorbance measurements in clinical laboratories and different medical devices.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Speed of Sound

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY 5.1	A. Define sound waves and explain their nature as longitudinal waves. B. Explain the relationship between the speed of sound, frequency, and wavelength (v = fλ).	K	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 5.2	Measurement the speed of sound from the sound waves set up in the closed resonance tube.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 5.3	Explain the basic physics of sound transmission through the stethoscope's components.	K	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Bending of Beam

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY 6.1	A. Define the concepts of stress, strain, and bending moment in a beam. B. Describe the relationship between bending moment, curvature, and the flexural rigidity (EI) of a beam.	K	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 6.2	A. Design and conduct experiments to measure the deflection of beams under various loading conditions. B. Calculate Young's modulus from the results.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 6.3	Relate the measured Young's modulus values to the biomechanical function of bones, joints, tendons, the vertebral column, and lungs.	K	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Determine the Focal Length of a Convex Lens by Magnification Method

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY 7.1	A. Define focal length, magnification, and the lens formula. B. Explain how a convex lens forms real and virtual images.	K	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 7.2	A. Determine the magnification of the image for various object distances. B. Record and organize experimental data in a clear and concise manner.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 7.3	Explain how the human eye functions as a convex lens system, including the formation of an inverted image on the retina and the brain's correction mechanism.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Heart Rate and Oxygen Sensing for Human

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
MPSY 8.1	Describe the physiological mechanisms that regulate heart rate and oxygen saturation in the human body.	K	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 8.2	Describe how a fingertip pulse oximeter uses light absorption at different wavelengths to determine oxygen saturation (SpO2).	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
MPSY 8.3	Identify and explain factors that can affect the accuracy of fingertip pulse oximeter readings (e.g., poor circulation, motion artifacts, ambient light).	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Physiology \ Grade 2

Code: PHYS 201    Credits:12

Cell Physiology

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS1.1	Describe the structure and functions of the plasma membrane, glycocalyx, and ions channels.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS1.2	Expound the functions of cilia and flagella.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS1.3	Explain the means of cell-to-cell adhesion.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS1.4	Describe how the cells communicate with each other (signal transduction or cell signaling).	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS1.5	Expound the ways by which the cell regulates the intracellular [Ca2+] and [H+].	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Excitable tissues I- Nerve & Synapse

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS2.1	Explain the basic structure and function of a neuron, including the cell body, dendrites, axon, and myelin sheath.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ
PHYS2.2	Explain the notion of resting membrane potential, action potential, and propagation of impulse.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ
PHYS2.3	Discuss the properties of synaptic transmission, including the release of neurotransmitters, their binding to receptors, the resulting postsynaptic potentials, and the synaptic circuits.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ
PHYS2.4	Describe the nerve conduction study and its use in determining the speed and amplitude of electrical signals of sensory and motor nerve fibers.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ

Excitable tissues II- Muscles

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS3.1	Describe the different types of muscle tissue (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth) and their respective structural and functional characteristics.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ
PHYS3.2	Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction, detailing the roles of actin, myosin, calcium, and ATP.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ
PHYS3.3	Relate the physiological principles of muscle function to clinical conditions and neuromuscular disorders.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ
PHYS3.4	Describe the use of surface and needle electromyography (EMG) in the identification of neuromuscular diseases and disorders of motor control.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ

Autonomic nervous system I- Organization of Nervous system

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS4.1	A. Describe the overall organization of the nervous system. B. Differentiate between the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS4.2	Compare and contrast the anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Autonomic nervous system II- Receptors and Neurotransmitter

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS5.1	Identify and describe the major neurotransmitters of the autonomic nervous system, including acetylcholine and norepinephrine.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS5.2	Differentiate between the various types of autonomic receptors (e.g., cholinergic: nicotinic, muscarinic; adrenergic: alpha, beta) and their locations on target organs.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS5.3	Explain the clinical relevance of understanding neurotransmitter and receptor interactions within the autonomic nervous system.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CVS Physiology I- Functions and structure of the heart

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS6.1	A. Describe the anatomical structure of the heart, including the chambers, valves, and major blood vessels. B. Explain the function of each heart component in the circulation of blood.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS6.2	Describe the histological structure of the heart wall, including the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS6.3	Describe the components and function of the cardiac conduction system, including the sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, and Purkinje fibers.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CVS Physiology II- The cardiac cycle: part one (electrical events in cardiac cycle)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS7.1	A. Describe the phases of the cardiac cycle, focusing on the electrical events. B. Explain the generation and propagation of the action potential within the heart, starting at the sinoatrial (SA) node.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS7.2	Correlate the electrical events of the cardiac cycle with the corresponding waves of the electrocardiogram (ECG): P wave, QRS complex, and T wave.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS7.3	A. Relate the electrical events of the cardiac cycle to the mechanical events that follow. B. Analyze how alterations in the electrical events of the cardiac cycle can lead to arrhythmias.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CVS Physiology III- The cardiac cycle part 2: mechanical events in the heart

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS8.1	A. Describe the mechanical events that occur during each phase of the cardiac cycle: systole and diastole. B. Correlate the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle with the electrical events shown on an ECG.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS8.2	Discuss the physiological significance of the heart sounds (S1, S2, S3, S4) and their relationship to the mechanical events of the cardiac cycle.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS8.3	A. Describe the physiological basis of jugular venous pressure (JVP) and its clinical significance. B. Demonstrate the proper technique for measuring JVP.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CVS Physiology IV- Cardiac output

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS9.1	A. Define cardiac output and its importance in cardiovascular physiology. B. Describe the physiological determinants of cardiac output.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS9.2	A. Discuss the clinical implications of changes in cardiac output. B. Relate cardiac output to overall cardiovascular function.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CVS Physiology V- The electrocardiogram

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS10.1	Explain the electrical basis of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and its relationship to the cardiac cycle.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS10.2	Describe the standard 12-lead ECG and the anatomical information provided by each lead.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS10.3	A. Explain how to differentiate between normal and abnormal ECG findings. B. Relate ECG findings to the underlying pathophysiology of cardiac disorders.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CVS Physiology VI- Calibration of the electrocardiograph

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS11.1	Identify and describe the components of normal ECG tracing, including the P wave, QRS complex, T wave, and intervals (PR, QT, ST).	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS11.2	Relate the ECG waveforms to the underlying electrical events in the heart.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS11.3	Explain the importance of proper calibration in obtaining accurate electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CVS Physiology VII- Calculation of the electrical axis

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS12.1	Explain the concept of the electrical axis of the heart and its clinical significance.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS12.2	Describe the relationship between the electrical axis and the direction of ventricular depolarization.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS12.3	Identify the leads used for electrical axis determination (primarily leads I and aVF).	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CVS Physiology VIII- Physiology of the circulatory system

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS13.1	Describe the overall organization and function of the circulatory system, including the systemic and pulmonary circulations.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS13.2	Explain the role of the autonomic nervous system and hormones in regulating blood pressure and blood flow.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS13.3	Relate the physiological principles of the circulatory system to common cardiovascular diseases.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CVS Physiology IX- The cardiovascular center

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS14.1	Identify and describe the location and major components of the cardiovascular center in the brainstem.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS14.2	Explain the role of the cardiovascular center in regulating blood flow during exercise, stress, and other physiological states.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS14.3	Discuss the effects of neurological disorders and drugs on the function of the cardiovascular center.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CVS Physiology X- Circulation through special regions and circulatory shock

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS15.1	Describe the unique characteristics of blood flow and regulation in specific regions of the body, including the coronary, cerebral, pulmonary, and cutaneous circulations.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS15.2	Describe the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying each type of circulatory shock.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Body fluids

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS16.1	Describe the major fluid compartments of the body (intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid, plasma).	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS16.2	Explain the role of hydrostatic and osmotic pressures in fluid movement across capillary membranes.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS16.3	Discuss the role of body fluid analysis in clinical diagnosis.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Blood physiology I – Introduction and Red blood cells

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS17.1	A. Describe the composition of blood, including plasma and formed elements. B. Explain the functions of blood, including transport, regulation, and protection.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS17.2	Explain the structure and function of red blood cells (erythrocytes).	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS17.3	Relate the physiology of red blood cells to common clinical conditions like anemia and polycythemia.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Blood physiology II – White blood cells

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS18.1	Describe the different types of white blood cells (leukocytes) and their respective functions.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS18.2	Relate the physiology of white blood cells to common clinical conditions like leukocytosis, leukopenia, and leukemia.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Blood physiology III – Hemostasis and blood types

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS19.1	Describe the process of hemostasis, including vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and coagulation.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS19.2	A. Describe the ABO and Rh blood group systems and their clinical significance. B. Explain the principles of blood typing and crossmatching.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Physiology of the respiratory system I - Functions of the Respiratory System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS20.1	Describe the primary functions of the respiratory system, including gas exchange, pH regulation, and protection.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS20.2	Describe the different cell types that make up the alveolar wall.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Physiology of the respiratory system II - Pleura

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS21.1	Describe the anatomy and function of the pleura, including the parietal and visceral layers.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS21.2	Discuss the clinical implications of pleural disorders, such as pneumothorax and pleural effusion.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Physiology of the respiratory system III - Lung Volumes & Capacities

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS22.1	Define and describe the various lung volumes and define and describe the various lung capacities.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS22.2	Explain the physiological significance of each lung volume and capacity.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS22.3	Discuss the clinical applications of lung volume and capacity measurements in assessing respiratory function.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Physiology of the respiratory system IV - Airway Resistance

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS23.1	Define airway resistance and explain its impact on ventilation.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS23.2	Discuss the clinical significance of increased airway resistance in respiratory diseases like asthma and COPD.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Physiology of the respiratory system V - VENTILATION/PERFUSION (V/Q) RATIO

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS24.1	A. Define ventilation (V) and perfusion (Q). B. Explain their physiological significance in gas exchange.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS24.2	Discuss the clinical significance of V/Q mismatch in various respiratory diseases, such as pulmonary embolism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Physiology of the respiratory system VI - Regulation of respiration

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS25.1	Describe the neural control of respiration, including the respiratory centers in the brainstem.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS25.2	Relate the physiological principles of respiratory regulation to clinical conditions such as sleep apnea and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

CNS physiology I

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS26.1	A. Explain the organization of the central nervous system—including its three functional levels (spinal, subcortical, and cortical). B. Numerate the roles of neuronal pools and their mechanisms (serial, parallel, divergent, convergent, and after-discharge) in signal processing.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ
PHYS26.2	A. Define the inhibitory mechanisms (both presynaptic and postsynaptic). B. Divine the basic properties of sensory receptors (sensitivity, specificity, adaptation) that transform external stimuli into receptor potentials.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ

CNS physiology II

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS27.1	A. Explain the layered organization of the cerebral cortex. B. Numerate the roles of primary sensory areas, sensory association areas, and Wernicke’s area in interpreting and integrating somatic sensory inputs. C. Describe the brain waves and Electroencephalogram (EEG).	K	Large group lecture	MCQ
PHYS27.2	A. Define the principles behind spatial and temporal summation in sensory signal processing. B. Divine the clinical implications of lesions affecting these cortical regions on perception and sensory discrimination.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ

CNS physiology III

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS28.1	A. Explain the organization of the motor system by detailing both lateral (corticospinal, rubrospinal, reticulospinal, vestibulospinal) and ventromedial descending pathways. B. Numerate their contributions to voluntary movement, posture, and balance.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ
PHYS28.2	A. Define the structure and function of key reflex arcs: including the stretch reflex and Golgi tendon reflex. B. Divine how integration of feedback from muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs modulates muscle tone and coordinated motor responses.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ

CNS physiology IV

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS29.1	A. Explain the advanced mechanisms of motor integration and reflex modulation by examining phenomena such as reciprocal inhibition, damping of motor signals, and the gamma loop servo system. B. Numerate their roles in fine-tuning motor output and maintaining muscle tone.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ
PHYS29.2	A. Define the clinical scenarios arising from disruptions in descending pathways and reflex circuits—such as spinal shock and hypertonicity. B. Divine how understanding these mechanisms informs the diagnosis and management of motor disorders in clinical practice.	K	Large group lecture	MCQ

Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology I – Introduction

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS30.1	Explain the overall function and the anatomical structure of the gastrointestinal tract.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS30.2	Explain the neural control mechanisms of the GIT by highlighting the roles of the intrinsic enteric nervous system along with parasympathetic and sympathetic influences.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS30.3	A. Explain the different patterns of gastrointestinal motility. B. Discuss the coordination of phasic and tonic smooth muscle contractions, as well as the clinical implications in disorders like paralytic ileus.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology II

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS31.1	A. Explain the process of mastication. B. Describe the anatomical structures involved in chewing, including the role of incisors and molars, and the neural control mechanisms that facilitate the chewing reflex.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS31.2	A. Analyze the physiological responses to food intake. B. Explain how sensory signals from the mouth and gastrointestinal tract influence salivary secretion and the swallowing reflex, highlighting the roles of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS31.3	A. Discuss disorders associated with swallowing. B. Identify and explain various conditions such as dysphagia and achalasia, including their causes, symptoms, and implications for patient management.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology III

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS32.1	A. Explain the anatomy and regions of the stomach, including the fundus, body, and antrum. B. Explain the physiological role of the lower esophageal sphincter and pyloric sphincter in gastric function.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS32.2	Describe the composition and functions of gastric secretions, including hydrochloric acid (HCl) and pepsinogen, and the impact of various hormones and neurotransmitters on gastric acid secretion.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS32.3	A. Analyze the effects of pathological conditions such as gastroparesis and erosive gastritis on gastric function and emptying. B. Analyze the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in gastric mucosal injury and the physiological consequences.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology IV

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS33.1	A. Describe the components of the gastric mucosal barrier and how they protect the stomach from self-digestion. B. Explain the mechanisms by which gastric mucosal cells prevent HCl from penetrating into the cells.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS33.2	A. Explain the three phases of gastric secretion: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal phases. B. Discuss the physiological mechanisms involved in each phase and their contributions to digestion.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS33.3	A. Investigate the causes and mechanisms behind gastric and duodenal ulcers, including the role of Helicobacter pylori. B. Discuss treatment options for peptic ulcers and the implications of NSAID use.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology V

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS34.1	Explain the complex neural and physiological pathways involved in the vomiting reflex, detailing the roles of the chemoreceptor trigger zone, vagus nerve, and brainstem.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS34.2	Explain how the pancreas regulates digestion and glucose homeostasis through the secretion of these substances, emphasizing the interplay between neural and hormonal control mechanisms.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology VI

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS35.1	A. Understand the role of bile in fat digestion and excretion of cholesterol and bilirubin. B. Explain the composition of bile.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS35.2	A. Explain the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts and its significance in maintaining an adequate bile acid pool. B. Discuss the consequences of ileal resection on bile salt reabsorption and its impact on fat digestion and water content in feces.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS35.3	A. Describe the formation and metabolism of bilirubin, including the difference between conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin. B. Explain the causes and consequences of jaundice related to bilirubin metabolism.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Gastrointestinal Tract Physiology VII

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS36.1	A. Explain the processes of carbohydrate, fat, and protein digestion and absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. B. Explain the causes and consequences of common malabsorption syndromes.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS36.2	Explain the mechanisms of electrolyte and water absorption and secretion in the gastrointestinal tract.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS36.3	Discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to managing malabsorption and other gastrointestinal conditions.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Endocrine Physiology I - Introduction

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS37.1	Describe the general functions of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS37.2	Describe the major endocrine glands and their respective hormones.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Endocrine Physiology II - Anterior Pituitary Gland

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS38.1	Describe the anatomical relationship between the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS38.2	Identify and describe the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and their function.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS38.3	Relate anterior pituitary hormone imbalances to specific clinical conditions.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Endocrine Physiology III - Thyroid Gland

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS39.1	Describe the anatomy and histology of the thyroid gland.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS39.2	Describe the physiological effects of thyroid hormones on metabolism, growth, and development.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Endocrine Physiology IV - The Adrenal Gland

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS40.1	Describe the anatomical structure of the adrenal gland, including the cortex and medulla.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS40.2	Explain the physiological effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine on the cardiovascular and nervous systems.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS40.3	A. Explain the diagnostic tests used to assess adrenal gland function. B. Relate adrenal hormone imbalances to specific clinical conditions and their treatments.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Endocrine Physiology V - The Pancreas

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS41.1	Describe the anatomical location and histological structure of the endocrine pancreas.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS41.2	Describe the physiological effects of pancreas secretion.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS41.3	A. Explain the diagnostic tests used to assess pancreatic endocrine function. B. Relate pancreatic hormone imbalances to specific clinical conditions and their treatments.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Endocrine Physiology VI - Calcium Metabolism

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS42.1	Describe the physiological importance of calcium in various bodily functions, including muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and bone formation.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS42.2	Discuss the feedback loops involved in regulating calcium levels.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS42.3	Relate calcium imbalances to specific clinical conditions.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Physiology of Reproduction I - Male Reproductive Physiology

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS43.1	Describe the anatomy and histology of the male reproductive system.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS43.2	Describe the hormonal regulation of spermatogenesis, including the roles of GnRH, FSH, LH, and testosterone.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS43.3	Describe the physiological mechanisms involved in erection and ejaculation.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Physiology of Reproduction II - Female Reproductive Physiology

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS44.1	Describe the anatomy and histology of the female reproductive system, including the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS44.2	Explain the hormonal changes that occur during pregnancy and lactation.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS44.3	Relate the physiological principles of female reproduction to fertility, contraception, and common reproductive disorders.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Renal Physiology I - Introduction

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS45.1	Explain the multiple functions of the kidneys, including waste excretion and regulation of body fluids.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS45.2	Illustrate the blood supply to the kidneys and its importance for renal function.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS45.3	Identify the hormonal functions of the kidneys, including the secretion of erythropoietin and renin.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Renal Physiology II - Glomerular Filtration Rate and Regulation of Renal Blood Flow

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS46.1	Explain the fundamental processes of renal physiology, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion, and their roles in maintaining homeostasis.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS46.2	Discuss the factors that regulate glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF), such as neural, hormonal, and autoregulatory mechanisms.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS46.3	Illustrate the importance of renal physiology in maintaining fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance in the body.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Renal Physiology III - Reabsorption in Different Parts of Nephron

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS47.1	Explain the mechanisms of sodium reabsorption in different parts of the nephron and their physiological significance.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS47.2	Describe the differences in transport mechanisms across various segments of the nephron and their impact on urine concentration.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS47.3	Illustrate the processes of active and passive transport within the nephron, highlighting the energy requirements and outcomes of these processes.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Renal Physiology IV - The Countercurrent Mechanism

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS48.1	Explain the renal mechanisms for excreting concentrated and diluted urine, focusing on the countercurrent mechanism.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS48.2	Define the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in regulating water permeability in the renal collecting ducts.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS48.3	Analyze the factors affecting tubular reabsorption and the hormonal controls involved in urine output regulation.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Acid-Base Balance

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS49.1	Define pH and explain its relationship to hydrogen ion concentration.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS49.2	Explain the role of the respiratory system and the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS49.3	Relate acid-base balance to electrolyte balance and other physiological processes.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Special Senses I - Vision

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS50.1	A. Describe the anatomical structures of the eye and their respective functions in vision. B. Explain the process of light refraction and accommodation by the lens.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS50.2	Discuss the physiological mechanisms of pupillary reflexes and their role in regulating light entry into the eye.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS50.3	Relate the physiology of vision to the clinical assessment of visual acuity and visual field testing.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Special Senses II - Audition

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS51.1	Describe the anatomical structures of the external, middle, and inner ear, and their respective functions in hearing.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS51.2	Discuss the physiological mechanisms of the vestibular system and its role in balance and equilibrium.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ
PHYS51.3	Relate the physiology of audition to the clinical assessment of hearing acuity and audiometry.	K	Large group lecture	Short Answer Questions, MCQ

Practical

Body Temperature

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS1.1	Describe the physiological mechanisms of heat production and heat loss in the human body.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA
PHYS1.2	Identify and explain the physiological factors that can influence body temperature measurements.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA
PHYS1.3	Demonstrate the proper techniques for measuring body temperature using different methods.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA

Introduction of Physiology Blood

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS2.1	Describe the overall composition of blood and the major functions of blood.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA
PHYS2.2	A. Demonstrate proper hand hygiene and aseptic techniques for blood collection. B. Explain the importance of proper labeling and handling of blood samples.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA
PHYS2.3	Explain the principles behind different blood collection methods.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA

Packed Cell Volume (Hematocrit)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS3.1	Demonstrate the proper technique for manual hematocrit determination using capillary tubes.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA
PHYS3.2	A. Explain the clinical significance of variations in hematocrit values. B. Relate manual capillary tube hematocrit findings to specific disease states.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA

ABO Blood Grouping

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS4.1	Explain the principles of ABO blood grouping, including the presence of antigens (A and B) on red blood cells and antibodies (anti-A and anti-B) in plasma.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA
PHYS4.2	A. Perform ABO blood grouping using the slide or tile method. B. Interpret agglutination reactions to determine blood type and properly document and record results.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA

Hemoglobin Measurement

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS5.1	A. Explain the physiological significance of hemoglobin, its role in oxygen transport, and the clinical importance of its measurement. B. Describe the different types of hemoglobin.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA
PHYS5.2	Perform hemoglobin measurement using Sahli's (acid hematin) method, following the standard protocol.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA
PHYS5.3	Explain the clinical significance of elevated and decreased hemoglobin levels in various disease states.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA

Coagulation and Bleeding Time

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS6.1	Define hemostasis and its importance in maintaining blood within damaged vessels.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions, Integrated Seminar	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA
PHYS6.2	Perform methods for measuring bleeding time, and understand the clinical significance of prolonged bleeding time and coagulation time.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions, Integrated Seminar	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA

Red Blood Cell Indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS7.1	Define RBC indices and explain their clinical applications.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA
PHYS7.2	Identify and calculate the three main RBC indices: Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC).	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, VIVA

Blood Pressure

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS8.1	A. Define systolic arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure. B. Explain the relationship between blood flow, blood vessel diameter, and blood pressure.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS8.2	Demonstrate and perform the proper procedure for measuring arterial blood pressure.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

The Arterial Pulses

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS9.1	Define the arterial pulse and explain its physiological origin in the cardiac cycle.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS9.2	A. Identify the main peripheral arterial pulse sites. B. Describe the correct technique to palpate arterial pulses.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS9.3	Describe the use of a pulse oximeter for automatic pulse measurement.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

The Normal Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS10.1	A. Identify the key components of a normal ECG waveform. B. Describe the relationship between cardiac electrical activity and ECG waveforms.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS10.2	Outline a systematic approach to ECG reading and analysis.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Examination of Cranial Nerves I

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS11.1	List the names and numbers of the first six cranial nerves (I-VI) and describe the main functions of each.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions, integrated seminars	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS11.2	Perform test to examine the first six cranial nerves (I-VI).	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS11.3	Recognize common abnormalities associated with dysfunction of cranial nerves.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Examination of Cranial Nerves II

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS12.1	List the names and numbers of the last six cranial nerves (VII-XII) and describe the main functions of each.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions, integrated seminars	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS12.2	Perform test to examine the last six cranial nerves (VII-XII).	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS12.3	Recognize common abnormalities associated with dysfunction of cranial nerves.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Examination of Motor Nervous System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS13.1	Examine the integrity of motor nervous system (tone, power and reflexes) and detect the level of lesion if present, whether upper or lower motor neuron.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions, integrated seminars	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS13.2	Recognize common clinical signs associated with motor system dysfunction.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Cerebellar Function Tests (Coordination of Movement)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS14.1	Describe the anatomical divisions of the cerebellum and their respective functions in motor control.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions, integrated seminars	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS14.2	Demonstrate the proper techniques for performing common cerebellar function tests.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS14.3	Identify and interpret abnormal findings in cerebellar function tests.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Examination of Sensory Nervous System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS15.1	Explain the physiological basis of sensory deficits and their clinical significance.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS15.2	Check the following sensations in the given subject: 1. Tactile sensibility—touch (fine and crude) 2. Pain sensation 3. Temperature (hot and cold) sensation 4. Joint position sense and vibration sense 5. Two-point discrimination 6. Stereognosis and graphesthesia	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS16.1	Describe the physiological mechanisms underlying cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS16.2	Demonstrate the proper techniques for performing high-quality chest compressions, including rate, depth, and recoil.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Visual Field

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS17.1	Understand the anatomical and functional principles of visual field and pathway, including clinical significance of nasal and temporal field, scotomas, and hemianopia.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS17.2	Develop proficiency in performing and interpreting visual field assessments, such as confrontational tests and perimetry, to diagnose retinal, optic pathway, and cortical disorders.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS17.3	Correlate visual field defects with specific lesions in the optic pathway to enhance diagnostic accuracy.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA

Visual Acuity

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
PHYS18.1	Explain the physiological basis of visual acuity and its relationship to refractive errors, through an understanding of ocular anatomy and optical principles.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA
PHYS18.2	A. Develop competency in administering and interpreting Snellen chart assessments, including calculating visual acuity scores. B. Identifying abnormal results and correlating findings with corrective measures.	K, S	Small group, Practical Sessions	Short Answer Questions, OSPE, and VIVA