pediatric\ Grade 4
Code: PAED407 ; Credits:2
Infections Characterized by Fever and Rash
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed1.1 |
Identify and Differentiate Common Infectious Causes – Understand the various infectious diseases that present with fever and rash, including their etiologies (bacterial, viral, or other pathogens), clinical manifestations, and distinguishing features for accurate diagnosis. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed1.2 |
Discuss Diagnostic and Management Approaches – Learn the appropriate diagnostic tools and treatment strategies for managing infections characterized by fever and rash, including when to use laboratory tests, the role of supportive care, and specific antimicrobial or antiviral therapies. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Mumps, Diphtheria and Pertussis
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed2.1 |
Understand the key characteristics of mumps, diphtheria, and pertussis: define each disease, including the causative agent (virus or bacteria), transmission (e.g., respiratory droplets, direct contact), and typical symptoms and signs for recognition. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed2.2 |
Describe how these diseases present in children and how they are diagnosed: know common manifestations, typical course of illness, and specific laboratory tests (e.g., IgM antibody detection, bacterial culture, PCR). |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala Azar – Black Fever)
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed3.1 |
Learn about Visceral Leishmaniasis: Understand what it is, including the parasite that causes it, and its life cycle. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed3.2 |
Know how Visceral Leishmaniasis affects children, how to diagnose it, and how to treat it: presentations in children, lab tests for diagnosis, and treatment/prevention methods. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Rickets
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed4.1 |
Define rickets, its causes, and vitamin D's role: Understand the definition of rickets, the reasons it develops, and the function and regulation of Vitamin D in the body. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed4.2 |
Recognize rickets, how to diagnose it, and how to treat and prevent nutritional rickets: Learn clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Vaccination 1
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed5.1 |
Understand the basic principles of immunity and immunization, including key terms like immunity, immunization, active and passive immunity, vaccines, toxoids, and health promotion. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed5.2 |
Gain knowledge about specific vaccines and their use: BCG, Polio, DTaP, DT, Measles, MMR; including types, administration, benefits, and risks. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Vaccination 2
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed6.1 |
Understand Hepatitis B vaccination: Learn about the vaccine, components, administration, and recommendations for term and preterm infants, including health promotion. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed6.2 |
Know when and how to test for Hepatitis B antibodies and antigens: post-vaccination testing, interpretation of anti-HBs and HBsAg, and follow-up actions. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Malnutrition
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed7.1 |
Define malnutrition and its various classifications: undernutrition, overnutrition, specific deficiencies, mineral deficiencies, and imbalances. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed7.2 |
Understand protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), its clinical features, and assessment: marasmus and kwashiorkor, anthropometric measurements, and classifications. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Failure to Thrive
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed8.1 |
Define failure to thrive (FTT): Understand the meaning of the term and the common criteria used to identify children with this condition. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed8.2 |
Identify the causes of FTT: Learn about the various organic and non-organic factors that can lead to a child's failure to thrive. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Acute Flaccid Paralysis
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed9.1 |
Understand the definitions of weakness and hypotonia and how they relate to motor neuron function. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed9.2 |
Recognize the various causes of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), including infectious, toxic, and other etiologies. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Gastroenteritis
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed10.1 |
Define diarrhea and its various etiologies, specifically focusing on infectious diarrhea. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed10.2 |
Explain the mechanisms of diarrhea and differentiate between secretory and osmotic diarrhea. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Malabsorption
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed11.1 |
Identify the causes of malabsorption: Learn about the different conditions and factors that can lead to malabsorption. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed11.2 |
Describe a clinical approach to a child with suspected malabsorption: Understand the key steps and considerations in evaluating a child for malabsorption, including history taking. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Meningitis
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed12.1 |
Understand the definitions and classification of meningitis: define meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and classify into bacterial, viral, fungal/parasitic types. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed12.2 |
Learn about the common causes of bacterial meningitis and its clinical manifestations, including signs of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Encephalitis
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed13.1 |
Cover the various causes of encephalitis, focusing on viral causes and other infection-related, metabolic, toxic, and neoplastic disorders. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed13.2 |
Learning the diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies for encephalitis, including CSF examination, EEG changes, neuroimaging studies, and PCR tests. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Breast Feeding
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed14.1 |
Breast-feeding: when to start, advantages and protective effects of human milk, including health promotion. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed14.2 |
Compositions of human milk and milk formula. Absolute and relative contraindications to breast feeding. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Feeding Problems
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed15.1 |
Understanding factors contributing to pediatric feeding disorders: medical, nutritional, feeding skill, and psychosocial factors affecting oral intake. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed15.2 |
Recognizing the importance of a team approach in managing pediatric feeding disorders, emphasizing multidisciplinary evaluation and management. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Growth in Children
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed16.1 |
Analyze multifaceted factors impacting a child's growth and development, differentiating between normal variations and pathological deviations. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed16.2 |
Evaluate the interplay of nutrition, feeding skills, and medical conditions in a child's growth trajectory, and formulate appropriate interventions. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Development
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed17.1 |
Analyze complex interplay of factors influencing typical and atypical child development, focusing on early warning signs of developmental delays and disorders. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed17.2 |
Evaluate impact of medical conditions, feeding problems, and environmental factors on child development, and formulate strategies for multidisciplinary assessment and intervention. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 1
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed18.1 |
Describe the pathogenesis of primary tuberculosis, including the formation of the Ghon complex and the role of cell-mediated immunity. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed18.2 |
Evaluate the diagnostic methods for tuberculosis, focusing on interpretation of the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) and advantages of Interferon-γ Release Assays. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Pulmonary Tuberculosis 2
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed19.1 |
Differentiate between latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis disease, including their clinical and radiographic manifestations. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed19.2 |
Describe the treatment strategies for both latent and active tuberculosis, emphasizing the importance of directly observed therapy (DOT) and addressing drug-resistant tuberculosis. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Formula Feeding
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed20.1 |
Identify the appropriate indications for the use of infant formula, and describe the correct preparation and storage methods to ensure infant safety and health. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed20.2 |
Discuss the principles of complementary feeding, including the timing of introduction, appropriate food choices, and foods to avoid, to support infant growth and development. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Enteric Fever and Brucellosis
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed21.1 |
Describe the etiology, clinical features, and complications of enteric fever (typhoid fever) and paratyphoid fever, including differences in presentation between school-age children/adolescents and infants/young children. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed21.2 |
Outline the diagnosis and treatment of brucellosis, emphasizing the importance of patient history, limitations of diagnostic tests, and recommended antibiotic regimens for different age groups and disease manifestations. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Poisoning 1
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed22.1 |
Identify the four principles of treatment for poisoning, emphasizing the importance of supportive care and outlining the various methods of gastrointestinal decontamination. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed22.2 |
Describe the clinical manifestations and treatment of acetaminophen and iron poisoning, including stages of toxicity, laboratory assessments, and specific antidotes. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Poisoning 2
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed23.1 |
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) overdose, including ECG findings and the use of sodium bicarbonate. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed23.2 |
Discuss the assessment and management of hydrocarbon ingestion, emphasizing the contraindications for emesis and lavage, and the importance of supportive respiratory care. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
pediatric\ Grade 4
Code: PAED505sp; Credits:5
Newborn Examination
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed1.1 |
Understanding key neonatal terminology and mortality rates. This includes terms like germinal stage, embryonic period, fetal period, neonatal period, perinatal period, preterm, term, post-term, low birth weight, stillbirth, and live birth. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed1.2 |
Performing a general examination of a healthy newborn, including assessing physical activity, skin, skull, face, eyes, nose, ears, mouth, neck, chest, lungs, heart, abdomen, genitalia, anus, and extremities. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Preterm and Post-term Infant
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed2.1 |
Understanding the characteristics and common problems of preterm and post-term infants, including respiratory distress syndrome, patent ductus arteriosus, hyperbilirubinemia, infections, meconium aspiration, hypoglycemia, and polycythemia. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed2.2 |
Learning the management strategies for preterm infants, including transfer to hospital, maintaining body temperature using incubators, feeding techniques, and prevention of infection. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
SGA, LGA, HDN, and NEC
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed3.1 |
Understanding definitions, etiologies, and management of LBW, SGA, and LGA newborns, including causes, clinical features, complications, and management strategies. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed3.2 |
Learning about hemorrhagic disease of the newborn and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), including etiology, types, investigations, treatment, prevention, and surgical indications for NEC. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Birth Injury
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed4.1 |
Identify predisposing factors for mechanical trauma during birth and recognize common birth injuries. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed4.2 |
Learn about specific cranial injuries (caput succedaneum, cephalhematoma, subaponeurotic hemorrhages), facial swelling/discoloration, skin issues, hemorrhages, petechiae, fractures, brachial palsy, facial nerve damage, phrenic nerve palsy, sternomastoid tumor, and spinal/spinal cord injuries. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Perinatal Asphyxia (Hypoxia-Ischemia)
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed5.1 |
Define Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE), its systemic effects, etiology, and neuropathology. |
K |
Large group |
Standardized Short Answer Question |
| Paed5.2 |
Describe clinical features, stages, complications, diagnosis, management, and prognosis of HIE. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Neonatal Resuscitation
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed6.1 |
Understanding the definition, goals, and steps of neonatal resuscitation, assisting newborns in physiological transition to extrauterine life. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed6.2 |
Describing and interpreting the Apgar score, signs of successful ventilation, indications for endotracheal intubation, and causes of failure of initial resuscitation. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Neonatal Hypoglycemia
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed7.1 |
Identify risk factors and clinical features of hypoglycemia in neonates. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed7.2 |
Describe treatment and prevention strategies for neonatal hypoglycemia and discuss management of infants of diabetic mothers. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Neonatal Hypocalcemia
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed8.1 |
Differentiate between early and late neonatal hypocalcemia, including risk factors, clinical features, and treatment strategies. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed8.2 |
Describe clinical signs, prevention methods, and management of hypothermia in newborn infants. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Diabetes Mellitus of Childhood
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed9.1 |
Describe classification, etiology, and pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in childhood, including role of autoimmunity, genetic susceptibility, and environmental factors. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed9.2 |
Explain clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), including fluid/electrolyte management, insulin therapy, and recognition/treatment of complications such as cerebral edema. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Short Stature
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed10.1 |
Identify the key factors influencing normal growth, differentiate between the phases of human growth, and accurately assess growth parameters in children, including height, weight, and relevant anthropometric measurements. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed10.2 |
Distinguish between short stature and growth failure, classify the causes of short stature, and describe the clinical characteristics and diagnostic approaches for various conditions presenting with short stature, including familial short stature, constitutional growth delay, idiopathic short stature, and skeletal dysplasias. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Hypothyroidism
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed11.1 |
Describe the etiology, laboratory diagnosis, and clinical manifestations of congenital hypothyroidism in neonates. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed11.2 |
Discuss the importance of newborn screening for congenital hypothyroidism and explain the treatment and prognosis of the condition. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Pattern of Inheritance
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed12.1 |
Explain the rules of autosomal recessive inheritance and X-linked recessive inheritance. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed12.2 |
Describe the characteristics of autosomal dominant inheritance and X-linked dominant inheritance. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Genetics
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed13.1 |
Describe the nomenclature used in karyotyping and the major types of structural chromosome abnormalities. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed13.2 |
Discuss the etiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of Down syndrome and Klinefelter syndrome. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Congenital Heart Disease
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed14.1 |
Define congenital heart diseases (CHD), recognize their incidence and etiology, and describe their classification. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed14.2 |
Discuss the classification, anatomical variations, and hemodynamic features of Ventricular Septal Defects (VSD). |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Cyanotic CHD and Heart Failure
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed15.1 |
Describe the common cyanotic congenital heart defects, including Tetralogy of Fallot, Transposition of the Great Arteries, and Tricuspid Atresia, emphasizing anatomical and physiological characteristics. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed15.2 |
Discuss the causes of heart failure in children across different age groups, and outline treatment strategies including general measures, medical treatment, and addressing the underlying cause. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Anemia in Children
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed16.1 |
Define anemia and describe normal ranges of hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocytes, leukocytes, and differential counts at various ages. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed16.2 |
Discuss etiology, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings of megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Aplastic Anemia
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed17.1 |
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical features, and management of aplastic anemia, including congenital and acquired forms. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed17.2 |
Discuss classification, laboratory features, and etiology of hemolytic anemias. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Thalassemia
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed18.1 |
Describe the different types of thalassemia syndromes, including pathophysiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed18.2 |
Explain the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management of sickle cell disease, including common complications and treatment strategies. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Haemolytic Anaemia
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed19.1 |
Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical features of hereditary spherocytosis and G6PD deficiency. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed19.2 |
Discuss the causes, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and treatment strategies for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Disorders of Platelets
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed20.1 |
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), including the differences between acute and chronic ITP. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed20.2 |
Discuss the characteristic features, etiology, and management of inherited thrombocytopenias, such as Bernard-Soulier Syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome, and Thrombocytopenia with Absent Radii (TAR) Syndrome. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Haemostatic Disorders
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed21.1 |
Describe the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management of hemophilia A and B, including the genetic basis, diagnostic testing, and treatment options such as factor replacement and prophylaxis. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed21.2 |
Explain the etiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (VWD), and discuss the treatment strategies for VWD, including the use of DDAVP and other therapies. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Approach to Anemia in Children
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed22.1 |
Identify the main causes of anemia in children, differentiating between acute and chronic presentations, and recognize the significance of age, sex, race, and ethnicity in the diagnosis of anemia. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed22.2 |
Describe the key laboratory tests used in the evaluation of anemia, including blood smear analysis, red blood cell indices, reticulocyte count, and other specialized tests like free erythrocyte protoporphyrin (FEP), and explain how these tests aid in the differential diagnosis of various anemias such as iron deficiency anemia, thalassemia, and hemolytic anemias. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Approach to a Child with Bleeding Tendency
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed23.1 |
Identify the distinctive features of various bleeding disorders in children, including vascular causes, platelet disorders (both quantitative and qualitative), and coagulation factor deficiencies. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed23.2 |
Describe the diagnostic approach to a child with a bleeding tendency, emphasizing the importance of detailed history taking, physical examination findings, and appropriate laboratory workup to differentiate between different types of bleeding disorders. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Leukaemia and Lymphomas
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed24.1 |
Describe the etiology, clinical features, and diagnostic evaluation of acute leukemias, including the differentiation between acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed24.2 |
Discuss the clinical manifestations, staging, and treatment approaches for Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in children, including the prognosis and long-term outcomes. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed25.1 |
Discuss the epidemiology, etiology, and clinical manifestations of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), including its different onset types and systemic involvement. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed25.2 |
Outline the diagnostic criteria, treatment strategies, and prognosis for JIA, and describe the clinical features and management of Kawasaki Disease. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Acute Poststreptococcal GN
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed26.1 |
Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), including the characteristic features of the disease and its potential complications. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed26.2 |
Explain the normal kidney function, focusing on the role of the glomerulus and tubules in the formation of urine and the maintenance of fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Neonatal Jaundice
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed27.1 |
Explain bilirubin metabolism from hemoglobin breakdown to excretion, linking physiological processes to common neonatal hyperbilirubinemia causes. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed27.2 |
Given a case, differentiate jaundice types (physiological, pathological, etc.) by onset and characteristics to guide evaluation and diagnosis. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Ambiguous Genitalia
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed28.1 |
Differentiate between the various causes of ambiguous genitalia, including male pseudohermaphroditism (46, XY with undervirilized external genitalia), female pseudohermaphroditism (46, XX with virilized external genitalia due to excess androgen exposure or congenital adrenal hyperplasia), true hermaphroditism (presence of both ovarian and testicular tissue), and intersex conditions (e.g., mosaic karyotypes like XO/XX), detailing the underlying genetic and hormonal etiologies for each. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed28.2 |
Describe the key steps in the evaluation and initial management of a newborn with ambiguous genitalia, including the importance of determining the karyotype, assessing for potential underlying disorders of sex development (DSD), and differentiating between life-threatening conditions (such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia causing salt-wasting crisis). |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Structural Chromosomal Disorder
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed29.1 |
Understand the fundamentals of karyotyping and chromosomal nomenclature, including how to describe a normal karyotype and identify common numerical and structural chromosomal abnormalities such as trisomies, monosomies, deletions, and translocations. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed29.2 |
Describe the etiology, clinical features, and inheritance patterns of selected structural chromosomal disorders, specifically focusing on Down syndrome (including the role of trisomy 21 and translocation Down syndrome), Turner syndrome (including karyotype variations and associated clinical manifestations in females), and Klinefelter syndrome (including the common 47, XXY karyotype and its impact on male development and fertility). |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Nephrotic Syndrome
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed30.1 |
Explain the pathophysiology of nephrotic syndrome, detailing the mechanisms leading to proteinuria (including transient, orthostatic, and persistent types), hypoalbuminemia, edema formation, and hyperlipidemia, and discuss the clinical consequences of these key features. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed30.2 |
Interpret the investigations and diagnostic studies used in the evaluation of nephrotic syndrome, including the definition of proteinuria, and differentiate between the various causes of nephrotic syndrome, including primary glomerular diseases (such as Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome) and secondary causes like congenital nephrotic syndrome. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed31.1 |
Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and complications of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), with a focus on differentiating between diarrhea-associated (typical) HUS and non diarrhea-associated (atypical) HUS. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed31.2 |
Outline the management strategies for HUS, including supportive care, addressing fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and discussing the role of dialysis, blood transfusions, and other therapies while emphasizing the importance of avoiding antibiotic use in STEC-HUS. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed32.1 |
Describe the different grades of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and explain how VUR contributes to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and potential renal damage in children. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed32.2 |
Outline the diagnostic approach for VUR, including the role of renal ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography (VCUG), and discuss the treatment strategies for VUR, differentiating between medical management with prophylactic antibiotics and surgical interventions. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Heart Failure
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed33.1 |
Understand the causes of heart failure in different pediatric age groups, including congenital heart defects, acquired heart diseases like myocarditis and Kawasaki disease, and other conditions leading to heart failure in children. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed33.2 |
Describe the treatment strategies for heart failure in children, encompassing general management, medical therapies including diuretics, afterload-reducing agents, inotropic agents, and addressing the underlying causes of heart failure. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Pedigree
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed34.1 |
Interpret pedigree symbols and patterns to determine family relationships and recognize the proband, affected individuals, carriers, and homozygous/heterozygous status within a pedigree chart. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed34.2 |
Differentiate between the characteristics and inheritance patterns of autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked dominant disorders, including predicting the likelihood of disease transmission to offspring based on these inheritance patterns. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Metabolic Disorder
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed35.1 |
Describe the clinical features and laboratory findings associated with galactosemia and phenylketonuria. The lecture includes details on the clinical presentation of infants with galactosemia, such as jaundice, vomiting, hepatomegaly, and failure to thrive. It also details the typical presentation of phenylketonuria, along with the complications of the disease. In addition, the text lists laboratory findings for both conditions, such as increased plasma galactose and reduced enzyme activity in galactosemia, and elevated phenylalanine concentrations in phenylketonuria. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed35.2 |
Outline the treatment and management strategies for galactosemia and phenylketonuria, including dietary modifications and monitoring. The lecture notes specify treatment options for both conditions, such as the elimination of dietary galactose for galactosemia and phenylalanine-restricted diets for phenylketonuria. It also mentions the importance of monitoring for and managing later problems that develop in patients with galactosemia, such as neurodevelopmental impairment, cataracts, growth delay, and premature ovarian failure. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
Urinary Tract Infections
| Number |
Learning Objective |
Domain K/S/A/C |
Teaching Learning Methods |
Assessment Methods |
| Paed36.1 |
Discuss the etiology, pathophysiology, and risk factors associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
| Paed36.2 |
Explain the classification, diagnosis, and treatment of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in pediatric patients. |
K |
Large group |
Short Answer Questions |
