ANATOMY - Grade 1

Code: ANAT 1    Credits: 8

Introduction

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT1.1	Learn descriptive terminology used in anatomy.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT1.2	A. Learn the general arrangement and components of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT1.3	Structural Classification of the Nervous System: A. Differentiate between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT1.4	Functional Classification of the Nervous System: A. Distinguish between the somatic nervous system (voluntary control) and autonomic nervous system (involuntary control).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT2.1	Understand the Anatomical Position: A. Describe the standard anatomical position and its significance in studying human anatomy.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT2.2	Identify Anatomical Planes and Sections: A. Define and differentiate between the sagittal, coronal (frontal), and transverse (horizontal) planes.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT2.3	Master Directional and Relational Terms: A. Use terms like anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, medial/lateral, proximal/distal, and superficial/deep to describe body structures accurately.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT2.4	Recognize Body Regions and Cavities: A. Distinguish between the axial and appendicular regions. B. Locate major body cavities and their subdivisions.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Bones of upper limb

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT3.1	A. Describe the composition of bone tissue (cells, fibers, matrix) and its mechanical properties (hardness, elasticity). B. Explain the functions of bones, including support, protection, movement, mineral storage, and blood-cell formation.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT3.2	A. Differentiate between long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, and sesamoid bones. B. Compare compact bone (dense, solid) and cancellous (spongy) bone (trabecular network).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT3.3	A. Define terms like diaphysis, epiphysis, medullary cavity, and bony markings (e.g., tubercle, fossa, foramen). B. Locate major components of the axial (skull, vertebrae) and appendicular (limbs, girdles) skeleton.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT3.4	Explore Joint Types and Their Functions and Analyze Joint Movements	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Arm and muscle of shoulder and pectoral region

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT4.1	A. Identify and Classify Bones and Joints of the Upper Limb. B. Name the 30 bones of the upper limb and group them into regions (arm, forearm, hand). C. Describe the types of joints in the upper limb and their locations.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT4.2	Describe the Humerus in Detail: A. Label key structures of the humerus (e.g., head, anatomical/surgical neck, greater/lesser tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, condyles, fossae). B. Explain the functional significance of these structures (e.g., muscle attachments, articulation sites, clinical relevance like surgical neck fractures).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT4.3	A. Define the origins, insertions, innervations, blood supply, and actions of upper limb muscles (e.g., rotator cuff muscles, deltoid, trapezius, pectoralis major/minor). B. Correlate muscle actions with joint movements (e.g., deltoid’s role in abduction, trapezius in scapular rotation).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Muscle of shoulder and pectoral region

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT5.1	A. Name and locate the major muscles of the shoulder, arm, and thorax, including Pectoralis major/minor, deltoid, trapezius, and rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis). B. Define their origins, insertions, innervations, and actions (e.g., abduction, flexion, rotation).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT5.2	Correlate Anatomy with Clinical Conditions: A. Discuss common injuries (e.g., anterior shoulder dislocations, rotator cuff tears) and their anatomical basis (e.g., lax capsule, labral tears). B. Predict functional deficits from nerve injuries.	K/C	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT5.3	A. Describe the articular surfaces, capsule, ligaments and bursae of the shoulder joint. B. Explain how the coracoacromial arch and rotator cuff tendons prevent superior dislocation.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT5.4	Explore Neurovascular Supply: A. Trace the innervation of upper limb muscles (e.g., axillary nerve for deltoid, medial/lateral pectoral nerves for pectoralis major/minor). B. Identify blood supply sources (e.g., thoracoscopies artery, circumflex humeral arteries).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Axilla

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT6.1	A. Describe the apex, base, and walls (anterior, posterior, medial, lateral) of the axilla and their anatomical structures (e.g., clavicle, scapula, ribs, muscles). B. Explain the functional significance of the axilla as a transition zone between the neck and upper limb.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT6.2	A. List the major neurovascular structures, including the axillary artery (and its branches), axillary vein, and brachial plexus (cords and terminal branches). B. Describe the lymphatic drainage pathways and the axillary lymph node groups (e.g., humeral, pectoral, apical).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT6.3	Analyze Vascular Anatomy and Anastomoses: A. Trace the axillary artery through its three parts, noting key branches (e.g., thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic, subscapular) and their distributions. B. Highlight collateral circulation around the scapula (e.g., circumflex scapular artery anastomoses).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT6.4	Correlate Anatomy with Clinical Conditions: A. Discuss axillary nerve injuries (e.g., crutch palsy) and vascular compression syndromes (e.g., thoracic outlet syndrome due to cervical ribs). B. Interpret axillary lymph node involvement in pathologies like breast cancer metastasis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Breast

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT7.1	A. Identify the gross structure of the breast, including the nipple, areola, lactiferous ducts, lobules, and suspensory ligaments. B. Explain the differences between male and female breast development and function.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT7.2	A. Trace the arterial supply (e.g., lateral thoracic, internal thoracic, intercostal arteries) and venous drainage (e.g., axillary, internal thoracic veins). B. Describe the sensory innervation of the breast, particularly the role of the 4th intercostal nerve in nipple sensation.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT7.3	Analyze Lymphatic Drainage Pathways: A. Map the primary lymphatic drainage routes (75% to axillary nodes, 25% to parasternal nodes) and their clinical significance in breast cancer metastasis. B. Identify key axillary lymph node groups (e.g., pectoral, subscapular, apical) and their roles in staging cancer.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT7.4	Correlate Anatomy with Clinical Conditions: A. Discuss breast cancer and the importance of axillary tail evaluation during physical exams. B. Explain sentinel lymph node biopsy and its anatomical basis for cancer staging.	K/C	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Elbow and cubital fossa

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT8.1	A. Describe the Bones and Joints of the Arm and Forearm. B. Explain the articulations of the elbow joint (humeroulnar, humeroradial, proximal radioulnar) and their functional roles in hinge/pivot movements.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT8.2	A. Classify Muscles of the Arm and Forearm. B. Summarize the origins, insertions, innervations, and actions of major muscles: Arm: Biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii. Forearm: Superficial/deep flexors (e.g., flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres) and extensors (e.g., extensor digitorum, supinator).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT8.3	A. Analyze the Cubital Fossa and Neurovascular Structures. B. Locate the boundaries and contents of the cubital fossa (e.g., biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve). C. Trace the brachial artery and its branches (e.g., profunda brachii, collateral anastomoses around the elbow).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT8.4	A. Describe the synovial hinge joint structure, including ligaments (radial/ulnar collateral), capsule, and synovial membrane.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Forearm

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT9.1	A. Identify the radius and ulna, including their key anatomical landmarks (e.g., radial tuberosity, olecranon, styloid processes). B. Explain the articulations at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints, as well as the interosseous membrane.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT9.2	Classify the Muscles of the Forearm: A. Compare the anterior (flexor-pronator) and posterior (extensor-supinator) compartments, including their nerve supply (median, ulnar, radial nerves).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT9.3	B. Trace the pathways of the radial, ulnar, and median nerves through the forearm and their motor/sensory distributions. C. Map the radial and ulnar arteries, including their branches and contributions to hand circulation.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Hand

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT10.1	A. Name and classify the carpal bones, metacarpals, and phalanges. B. Describe the wrist joint and intercarpal joints, including their structural type and movements.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT10.2	A. Define the boundaries of the carpal tunnel (flexor retinaculum, carpal bones) and list its contents (median nerve, flexor tendons). B. Relate carpal tunnel anatomy to carpal tunnel syndrome and scaphoid fractures (e.g., avascular necrosis risk).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT10.3	A. Compare the thenar (thumb), hypothenar (little finger), and central compartments (lumbricals, interossei).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT10.4	Map the Neurovascular Supply of the Hand: A. Trace the radial and ulnar arteries, including their contributions to the superficial and deep palmar arches. B. Identify the motor and sensory roles of the median, ulnar, and radial nerves in the hand (e.g., recurrent branch of median nerve to thenar muscles).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Brachial plexus and upper limb nerve injury

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT11.1	Identify the five roots (C5–T1), three trunks, six divisions, three cords, and terminal branches of the brachial plexus (Roots, Trunks, Divisions, Cords, Branches).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT11.2	Map the musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, and ulnar nerves to their respective motor and sensory distributions in the upper limb.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT11.3	A. Map the musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, median, and ulnar nerves to their respective motor and sensory distributions in the upper limb. B. Summarize the functions of key branches (e.g., radial nerve for extensor muscles, ulnar nerve for intrinsic hand muscles).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT11.4	A. Associate specific nerve injuries with clinical presentations. B. Differentiate Upper vs. Lower Plexus Injuries. C. Contrast Erb’s palsy (C5–C6 injury, "waiter’s tip" posture) with Klumpke’s palsy (C8–T1 injury, claw hand ± Horner’s syndrome). D. Explain mechanisms of injury (e.g., traction during childbirth, trauma).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Bones of the thorax, thoracic wall

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT12.1	A. Identify the bony elements (sternum, 12 pairs of ribs, thoracic vertebrae) and their classifications (true, false, floating ribs). B. Explain the articulations (costovertebral, costotransverse, sternocostal joints) and their functional significance.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT12.2	A. Compare the superior thoracic aperture (inlet) and inferior thoracic aperture (outlet) in terms of boundaries and transmitted structures. B. Describe the role of the diaphragm in separating thoracic and abdominal cavities.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT12.3	A. Map the intercostal neurovascular bundle (VAN) and its position in the costal groove. B. Differentiate posterior intercostal arteries (aortic origin) from anterior intercostal arteries (internal thoracic origin). C. Explain the sensory and motor functions of intercostal nerves (T1–T11) and the subcostal nerve (T12).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

The lungs and pleurae and diaphragm

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT13.1	A. Describe the structure, attachments, and functions of the diaphragm. B. Explain the role of the diaphragm as the major muscle of respiration. C. Identify the openings in the diaphragm and the structures passing through them. D. Discuss the arterial supply, venous drainage, and innervation of the diaphragm.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT13.2	A. Define the boundaries and contents of the thoracic cavity, including the pulmonary cavities and mediastinum. B. Differentiate between the visceral and parietal pleura and describe their roles. C. Explain the concept of pleural recesses (costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinal) and their clinical significance.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT13.3	A. Describe the surface features, lobes, and fissures of the lungs. B. Compare the anatomical differences between the right and left lungs. C. Identify the structures related to the medial surfaces of the lungs.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT13.4	A. Trace the branching pattern of the bronchial tree from the main bronchi to the bronchioles. B. Define bronchopulmonary segments and explain their clinical importance. C. Discuss why inhaled foreign bodies are more likely to lodge in the right main bronchus.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Mediastinum and anterior mediastinum

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT14.1	A. Describe the mediastinum as the central partition separating the pleural cavities. B. Identify its anatomical boundaries.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT14.2	Explain the transverse plane at the sternal angle (T4/T5) dividing the mediastinum into: • Superior mediastinum (above the sternal angle) • Inferior mediastinum, further subdivided into: • Anterior mediastinum (between sternum and pericardium) • Middle mediastinum (pericardial sac and heart) • Posterior mediastinum (between pericardium and vertebrae)	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT14.3	A. Identify Superior mediastinum: Thymus, great vessels (aortic arch, SVC, brachiocephalic veins), trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, vagus and phrenic nerves. B. Define Anterior mediastinum: Thymic remnants, fat, lymph nodes, internal thoracic vessels. C. Describe Middle mediastinum: Pericardium, heart, roots of great vessels, phrenic nerves.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT14.4	A. Trace the course of major nerves (vagus, phrenic, recurrent laryngeal) and vessels (aorta, SVC, brachiocephalic veins) through the mediastinum. B. Highlight the lymphatic drainage via the thoracic duct and its clinical relevance (e.g., chylothorax).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

The heart and pericardium

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT15.1	A. Describe the fibrous pericardium (structure, attachments, protective role) and serous pericardium (parietal/visceral layers, pericardial cavity). B. Explain the arterial supply (pericardiacophrenic, musculophrenic arteries), venous drainage (azygos system, pericardiophrenic veins), and innervation (phrenic, vagus, sympathetic nerves). C. Discuss clinical relevance: pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, and pericardiocentesis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT15.2	A. Identify the four chambers: • Right atrium (crista terminalis, fossa ovalis, venous drainage from SVC/IVC/coronary sinus) • Right ventricle (trabeculae carneae, papillary muscles, tricuspid/pulmonary valves) • Left atrium (pulmonary veins, smooth walls) • Left ventricle (thicker walls, bicuspid/aortic valves) B. Compare the structure and function of atria vs. ventricles.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT15.3	A. Describe the fibrous pericardium (structure, attachments, protective role) and serous pericardium (parietal/visceral layers, pericardial cavity). B. Explain the arterial supply (pericardiacophrenic, musculophrenic arteries), venous drainage (azygos system, pericardiophrenic veins), and innervation (phrenic, vagus, sympathetic nerves). C. Discuss clinical relevance: pericarditis, cardiac tamponade, and pericardiocentesis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT15.4	A. Identify Coronary Circulation. B. Identify venous drainage routes: • Coronary sinus • Anterior cardiac veins and venae cordis minimi. • Correlate ischemia (e.g., myocardial infarction) with arterial blockages.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Superior and posterior mediastinum

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT16.1	Identify the major structures in the superior mediastinum	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT16.2	A. Describe the course and branches of the ascending aorta, aortic arch, and thoracic aorta. B. Explain the clinical significance of the ligamentum arteriosum	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT16.3	A. Study the Great Vessels and Venous System B. Trace the formation and pathway of the brachiocephalic veins and superior vena cava. C. Describe the azygos venous system, including its tributaries and connections to the superior and inferior vena cava	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT16.4	Identify the Posterior Mediastinum: • Esophagus (constrictions, arterial supply, venous drainage, innervation) • Thoracic aorta and its branches • Thoracic duct (course, cisterna chyli, lymphatic drainage) • Sympathetic chain and thoracic splanchnic nerves	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Bones of the lower limb and the hip girdle

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT17.1	A. Describe the functional roles of the lower limb: weight-bearing, locomotion, and balance maintenance. B. Identify the major regions: gluteal, thigh, leg, ankle, and foot	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT17.2	A. Explain the composition of the pelvic girdle and its articulations B. Describe key landmarks: Ilium: Iliac crest, ASIS/PSIS, iliac fossa, gluteal lines. Ischium: Ischial spine, tuberosity, sciatic notches. Pubis: Pubic crest, tubercle, obturator foramen. C. Discuss the acetabulum and its role in the hip joint	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT17.3	A. Outline the anatomy of the femur B. Compare the tibia (weight-bearing) and fibula C. Identify interosseous membrane function D. Identify bones of the foot (tarsal, metatarsal, phalanges)	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT17.4	Identify Joints and Functional Movements: hip, knee, and ankle joint articulations	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Femoral triangle and medial and anterior compartment of the thigh

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT18.1	A. Describe the superficial fascia (contents: veins, lymphatics, cutaneous nerves) and deep fascia of the lower limb. B. Explain the role of deep fascia in muscle	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT18.2	A. Identify the superficial and deep inguinal lymph nodes, their locations, and drainage territories (e.g., abdominal wall, perineum, lower limb) B. Correlate lymphatic pathways with clinical conditions (e.g., infections, metastases)	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT18.3	A. Weight-bearing: Support body weight during standing and movement. B. Locomotion: Enable walking, running, and other movements. C. Balance maintenance: Stabilize the body during static and dynamic activities	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT18.4	A. Clinical and Applied Anatomy: Compartment Syndrome, Femoral Hernia, Lymphatic Spread	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

The gluteal region and back of the thigh

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT19.1	Outline the boundaries and muscles of the gluteal region	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT19.2	Discuss the functional role of gluteal muscles in hip stability and gait	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT19.3	Identify and describe the three hamstring muscles and posterior thigh	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT19.4	Identify the arterial and venous system of lower limb Describe Innervation of the Thigh and Gluteal Region	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Hip joint and knee joints

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT20.1	Describe the Hip Joint: Explain its articular surfaces, Discuss its ligamentous support	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT20.2	A. Describe the Knee Joint B. Detail its articular surfaces, menisci, and ligaments C. Review its vascular supply and nerve supply	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT20.3	Provide a Comparative Understanding: Contrast the stability and mobility of the hip (strong capsule, deep socket) versus the knee (modified hinge, meniscal support)	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

The leg

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT21.1	Identify the tibia and fibula and their roles in weight-bearing and stability	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT21.2	Classify the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments of the leg, including their muscles, functions (e.g., dorsiflexion, plantarflexion), and innervation	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT21.3	Correlate compartment-specific neurovascular structures (e.g., anterior tibial artery, fibular artery) with clinical implications (e.g., "foot drop" from deep fibular nerve injury)	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Ankle joint and foot

Number	Learning Objective	Domain	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT22.1	Name the bones of the ankle and foot and their articulations	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT22.2	A. Describe the ankle joint as a synovial hinge joint, including its ligaments and movements B. Outline the arches of the foot and their supporting structures	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT22.3	A. Recognize common injuries (e.g., lateral ankle sprains) B. Locate key pulse points (e.g., dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial)	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT22.4	A. Trace the blood supply (e.g., dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial arteries) and innervation	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Practical

Introduction (Muscle)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT1.1	Identify Major Muscle Groups: Recognize and locate key superficial and deep muscles of the human body in prosected specimens or models.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT1.2	Understand Muscle Attachments: Describe the origin, insertion, and functional relationships of selected muscles.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT1.3	Relate Structure to Function: Explain how muscle fiber arrangement and joint anatomy influence movement.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT1.4	Differentiation of Muscle Types.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Introduction (Bones)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT2.1	Identify Major Bones & Markings: Recognize and name principal bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton, along with their key anatomical landmarks (e.g., tubercles, foramina, condyles) on synthetic models.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT2.2	Classify Bone Types: Differentiate between long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid bones based on shape, location, and functional adaptations.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT2.3	Understand Articulations: Describe the structural features of bones that form joints (e.g., head of femur + acetabulum) and correlate them with movement types.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT2.4	Apply Clinical Relevance: Explain the significance of bone landmarks (e.g., fractures, surgical approaches, or muscle attachments).	K

The Clavicle

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT3.1	Identify Anatomical Features: Locate and describe the key structures of the clavicle, including its sternal (medial) end, acromial (lateral) end, shaft, conoid tubercle, and trapezoid line.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT3.2	Determine Side Orientation: Apply anatomical landmarks to distinguish between the right and left clavicle accurately.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT3.3	Relate to Muscular/Ligament Attachments.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT3.4	Discuss Clinical Relevance: Analyze common clavicular injuries (e.g., midshaft fractures).	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

The Scapula

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT4.1	Identify Key Anatomical Landmarks: Recognize and label the major features of the scapula, including the spine, acromion, coracoid process, glenoid cavity, supraspinous/infraspinous fossae, and medial/lateral borders.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT4.2	Determine Side Orientation: Use structural landmarks to differentiate between the right and left scapula accurately.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT4.3	Relate to Muscle Attachments & Function: Explain the role of the scapula in muscle attachment and its contribution to shoulder movement.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT4.4	Discuss Clinical & Biomechanical Relevance: Analyze common scapular-related conditions (e.g., winging, fractures, or rotator cuff injuries).	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Axilla and Breast

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT5.1	A. Identify Boundaries & Contents of the Axilla B. Identify key contents: axillary vessels, brachial plexus, lymph nodes, and fat.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT5.2	Describe Breast Anatomy & Lymphatic Drainage.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT5.3	Explain the importance of the axillary artery branches (e.g., thoracoacromial, lateral thoracic) and brachial plexus cords in surgical/medical contexts.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT5.4	Palpate and mark axillary folds, lymph node locations, and breast quadrants on models to correlate with clinical exams.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Scapula

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT6.1	Identify the anatomical landmarks of the scapula on a model or minikan, including the spine, acromion, coracoid process, borders, and angles.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT6.2	Differentiation between the anterior (costal) and posterior surfaces of the scapula and describe their features.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT6.3	Describe the articulations of the scapula, including its role in the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) and its connection with the clavicle at the acromioclavicular joint.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT6.4	Explain the muscular attachments on the scapula and relate them to movements of the shoulder and upper limb (e.g., rotator cuff muscles).	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

ANATOMY - Grade 2

Code: ANAT 202    Credits: 8

Skull 1

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT1.1	List the major bones of the skull and identify which ones form the cranium and the face.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT1.2	Describe the main features and functions of the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT1.3	Locate important skull landmarks such as sutures, foramina, and processes on anatomical models or diagrams.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT1.4	Compare the structure and clinical importance of different regions of the skull, including thin and thick bone areas, and explain their role in trauma-related injuries.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Skull 2

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT2.1	Identify the major bones of the skull, including the maxilla, palatine bone, mandible, and cervical vertebrae, and describe their main anatomical features.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT2.2	Explain the functions and articulations of the maxillary and mandibular bones, and describe how the atlas and axis support head movement.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT2.3	Compare and contrast the male and female skull, and discuss how age, sex, and race can be determined using skull features.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT2.4	Evaluate clinical conditions like craniosynostosis and atlas fractures, and discuss how these abnormalities affect skull structure and function.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Face and Scalp

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT3.1	Identify the Layers and Muscles of the Face and Scalp.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT3.2	Understand the Nerve Supply of the Face and Scalp.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT3.3	Explain the Blood Supply and Venous Drainage of the Face and Scalp.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT3.4	Recognize the Clinical Importance of Lymphatic Drainage and Common Pathologies.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Neck

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT4.1	Describe the Boundaries and Contents of the Cervical Triangles.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT4.2	Explain the Neurovascular Structures of the Neck.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT4.3	Summarize the Muscular and Fascial Organization of the Neck.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT4.4	Relate Neck Anatomy to Clinical Conditions.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Root of Neck

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT5.1	Identify the Key Nerves and Their Pathways in the Root of the Neck.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT5.2	Explain the Vascular Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland and Surrounding Structures.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT5.3	Describe the Anatomy of the Trachea and Esophagus in the Cervical Region.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT5.4	Relate Anatomical Structures to Clinical Procedures and Pathologies.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Temporal and Infra Temporal Fossa and TMJ

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT6.1	Describe the Boundaries and Contents of the Infratemporal Fossa.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT6.2	Explain the Functions and Innervation of the Muscles of Mastication.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT6.3	Outline the Branches of the Maxillary Artery and Mandibular Nerve.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT6.4	Describe the structure, movements (e.g., gliding, rotation), and ligaments of the TMJ, and discuss pathologies such as dislocation or arthritis, including their anatomical basis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Oral Cavity and Tongue

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT7.1	Describe the Structure and Function of the Oral Cavity.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT7.2	Explain the Muscular and Innervation Anatomy of the Tongue.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT7.3	Outline the Sensory and Vascular Supply of the Tongue.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT7.4	Describe the hard and soft palate structures, their nerve/vascular supply, and the function of palatal muscles.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Salivary Glands

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT8.1	Describe the Anatomy and Location of the Major Salivary Glands.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT8.2	Explain the Duct Systems and Secretory Functions of Salivary Glands.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT8.3	Outline the Neurovascular Supply and Lymphatic Drainage of Salivary Glands.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT8.4	Discuss common pathologies (e.g., sialolithiasis, parotitis) and procedural considerations.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Salivary Glands, Pharynx, and Larynx

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT9.1	Describe the Anatomy and Function of the Major Salivary Glands.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT9.2	Explain the Structure and Divisions of the Pharynx.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT9.3	Summarize the arterial supply, venous drainage, and innervation of the salivary glands, pharynx, and larynx.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT9.4	Outline the Anatomy and Function of the Larynx.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Nose and Orbit

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT10.1	Describe the structure and components of the external nose and nasal cavity, including bones, cartilages, and associated anatomical features.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT10.2	Explain the anatomy and functions of the paranasal sinuses, their locations, drainage pathways, and clinical significance.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT10.3	Identify the key structures of the orbit, including bones, muscles, nerves, blood supply, and their roles in eye movement and vision.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT10.4	Understand the clinical relevance of nasal and orbital anatomy, such as septum deviation, sinusitis, danger triangle infections, and common eye conditions like cataracts and glaucoma.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Orbit and Eye

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT11.1	Describe the bony structure of the orbit and its anatomical components.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT11.2	Explain the functions and innervation of the extraocular and intrinsic eye muscles.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT11.3	Identify the key structures of the eyeball and their layers.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT11.4	Understand the clinical significance of orbital and ocular anatomy, such as common conditions (e.g., cataracts, glaucoma), lacrimal apparatus disorders (e.g., dry eye), and nerve-related pathologies.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Ear

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT12.1	Describe the three main divisions of the ear (external, middle, and inner ear).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT12.2	Explain the functional roles of the ear in hearing and balance.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT12.3	Identify the key nerves, blood vessels, and muscles associated with the ear.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT12.4	Understand clinical correlations of ear anatomy, such as tympanic membrane abnormalities, conductive vs. sensorineural hearing loss, and disorders of balance.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Brain

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT13.1	Describe the major anatomical divisions of the brain.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT13.2	Identify the 12 cranial nerves, their origins, pathways, and primary functions (sensory, motor, or mixed).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT13.3	Explain the arterial blood supply and venous drainage of the brain.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT13.4	Recognize key surface features of the cerebral hemispheres (gyri, sulci, lobes) and correlate them with functional areas.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Meninges and Venous Sinuses and CSF

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT14.1	Describe the three layers of the meninges (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT14.2	Identify the major dural folds (falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT14.3	Explain the relationship between the meninges and venous sinuses.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT14.4	Understand the clinical implications of meningeal and venous sinus anatomy, such as subdural hematomas, meningitis, and cavernous sinus thrombosis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Cerebral Cortex

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT15.1	Describe the cytoarchitecture of the cerebral cortex.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT15.2	Explain the functional organization of the cerebral cortex.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT15.3	Identify the types of white matter fibers (association, commissural, and projection).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT15.4	Understand the blood supply to the brain, including the arterial circle of Willis, and the clinical implications of vascular occlusion.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Ventricular System and Brain Stem

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT16.1	Describe the anatomy and connections of the ventricular system.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT16.2	Explain the functions of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT16.3	Identify the major structures and functions of the brainstem.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT16.4	Recognize the exit points of cranial nerves from the brainstem and their functional significance in sensory, motor, and autonomic pathways.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Cerebellum

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT17.1	Describe the gross anatomy and functional divisions of the cerebellum.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT17.2	Explain the microscopic structure of the cerebellar cortex.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT17.3	Identify the intracerebellar nuclei.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT17.4	Understand the blood supply to the cerebellum (PICA, AICA, SCA) and clinical signs of cerebellar dysfunction.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Basal Nuclei and Diencephalon

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT18.1	Describe the anatomy and functional roles of the basal nuclei.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT18.2	Explain the structure and subdivisions of the diencephalon.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT18.3	Analyze the limbic system’s components.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT18.4	Discuss clinical implications of dysfunction in basal nuclei (e.g., Parkinson’s disease), diencephalon (e.g., thalamic stroke, hypothalamic disorders), and limbic structures.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Spinal Cord

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT19.1	Describe the anatomy of the vertebral column and spinal cord.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT19.2	Explain the gross and internal structure of the spinal cord.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT19.3	Analyze the functional pathways of ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) tracts.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT19.4	Discuss the blood supply and clinical implications of spinal cord lesions, covering the anterior/posterior spinal arteries, segmental reinforcement, and deficits caused by tract-specific damage.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Cranial Nerves

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT20.1	Identify the 12 pairs of cranial nerves.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT20.2	Describe the nuclei, functions, and clinical significance of each cranial nerve.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT20.3	Explain the peripheral distributions and key branches of mixed nerves.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT20.4	Analyze clinical correlations of cranial nerve lesions, such as Bell’s palsy.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Abdomen Wall 1

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT21.1	Describe the boundaries and layers of the abdominal wall, including bony landmarks (lumbar vertebrae, iliac crest, costal margin).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT21.2	Explain the structure and function of the rectus sheath, highlighting composition above/below the arcuate line.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT21.3	Analyze the blood supply and innervation of the abdominal wall.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT21.4	Discuss clinical correlations, such as hernias (inguinal, umbilical) related to abdominal wall weaknesses, and surgical implications of the arcuate line and rectus sheath anatomy.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Abdominal Wall 2

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT22.1	Describe the surface anatomy and topographical divisions of the abdomen, including the four-quadrant and nine-region schemes for organ localization.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT22.2	Explain the anatomy of the inguinal region and inguinal canal.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT22.3	Analyze the peritoneal cavity and its reflections, focusing on intraperitoneal vs. retroperitoneal organs.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT22.4	Discuss clinical correlations, such as hernias (indirect/direct/femoral) and their anatomical vulnerabilities, and surgical relevance of the inguinal canal and peritoneal folds (e.g., in appendicitis or bowel obstruction).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Abdominal Cavity and Abdominal Viscera

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT23.1	Describe the anatomy and functions of the stomach.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT23.2	Explain the structure and divisions of the small intestine.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT23.3	Outline the anatomy and functions of the large intestine, including its segments (cecum, appendix, colon divisions).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT23.4	Summarize the vascular and lymphatic systems of the abdominal viscera, emphasizing the portal venous system, portosystemic anastomoses, and the roles of the celiac, superior mesenteric, and inferior mesenteric arteries in supplying the foregut, midgut, and hindgut.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Abdominal Viscera (Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT24.1	Describe the anatomy and functions of the liver, including its surfaces, lobes, ligaments, and blood supply.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT24.2	Explain the structure and physiology of the gallbladder and biliary tree.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT24.3	Outline the anatomy and functions of the pancreas, distinguishing between its exocrine (digestive enzyme secretion) and endocrine roles.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT24.4	Summarize the anatomy, vascular supply, and functions of the spleen, including its role in immune response, blood filtration, and its connection to the portal venous system, as well as its relations to surrounding organs.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Urinary System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT25.1	Describe the anatomy and functions of the kidneys.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT25.2	Explain the pathway and clinical significance of the ureters.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT25.3	Outline the vascular and nervous supply of the urinary system.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT25.4	Summarize the embryological and functional roles of the suprarenal glands, including their anatomy (cortex vs. medulla), hormone production (corticosteroids, catecholamines), and vascular supply (inferior phrenic, aortic, and renal arteries).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Pelvis Viscera 1

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT26.1	Describe the bony and structural anatomy of the pelvis, including the differentiation between the false (greater) and true (lesser) pelvis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT26.2	Explain the organization and function of the pelvic viscera, covering the gastrointestinal (rectum, anal canal), urinary (bladder, urethra), and reproductive systems.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT26.3	Outline the neurovascular and muscular framework of the pelvis, focusing on the pelvic diaphragm.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT26.4	Summarize the clinical and functional significance of pelvic anatomy, such as the pectinate line in the anal canal, ligaments supporting the uterus, and the role of the pelvic floor in maintaining continence and supporting visceral organs.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Pelvis Viscera 2

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT27.1	Describe the nervous system of the pelvis, including the sacral and coccygeal plexuses.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT27.2	Explain the vascular supply and drainage of the pelvis, covering the internal iliac artery branches, pelvic venous plexuses, and the clinical significance of portosystemic anastomoses.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT27.3	Outline the peritoneal reflections and spatial organization of pelvic structures.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT27.4	Summarize the anatomy and functional divisions of the perineum, including the urogenital and anal triangle.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Facial Nerve

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT28.1	Describe the functional components and nuclei of the facial nerve.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT28.2	Trace the anatomical course and branches of the facial nerve.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT28.3	Explain the motor and sensory roles of the facial nerve.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT28.4	Recognize clinical correlates of facial nerve lesions.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Meninges

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT29.1	Describe the three layers of the meninges and their functions.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT29.2	Understand the dural folds and venous sinuses.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT29.3	Explain the clinical significance of meningeal spaces.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
ANAT29.4	Relate meningeal structures to clinical conditions, discussing the consequences of meningeal damage.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Practical

Skull, Cervical Bones, and Neonatal Skull

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT1.1	Identify the major bones of the adult skull and cervical vertebrae on the anatomical model.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT1.2	Demonstrate the sutures, foramina, and key bony landmarks of the skull, including the base and vault.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT1.3	Differentiate between adult and neonatal skull features, including fontanelles and unfused sutures.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT1.4	Describe the anatomical features and clinical significance of the first and second cervical vertebrae (atlas and axis).	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

The Cranial Cavity

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT2.1	Identify the major compartments and floors of the cranial cavity on the anatomical model.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT2.2	Demonstrate the foramina and canals transmitting cranial nerves and vessels.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT2.3	Describe the boundaries and contents of the anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT2.4	Correlate anatomical landmarks of the cranial cavity with related clinical conditions such as increased intracranial pressure.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Anterior Triangle of the Neck

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT3.1	Identify the anatomical boundaries of the anterior triangle of the neck on the model.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT3.2	Demonstrate the location and contents of the submental, submandibular, carotid, and muscular triangles.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT3.3	Describe the anatomical relationships of the major vessels and nerves within these sub-triangles.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT3.4	Relate the clinical importance of the anterior triangle in surgeries such as tracheostomy and carotid endarterectomy.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Posterior Triangle of the Neck

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT4.1	Identify the boundaries and floor of the posterior triangle of the neck.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT4.2	Demonstrate the course of the spinal accessory nerve and its relation to surrounding structures.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT4.3	Describe the contents of the posterior triangle, including vessels, nerves, and lymph nodes.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT4.4	Understand the clinical implications of injuries to the posterior triangle structures, especially during surgical procedures.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Root of the Neck

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT5.1	Identify the anatomical boundaries and contents of the root of the neck using the anatomical model.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT5.2	Demonstrate the course and relationships of major vessels such as the subclavian artery and vein.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT5.3	Locate key structures including the thoracic duct, sympathetic trunk, and phrenic nerve.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT5.4	Explain the clinical relevance of the root of the neck in procedures like central line insertion and thoracic outlet syndrome.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Face, Scalp, Temporal Fossa, and TMJ

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT6.1	Identify the layers of the scalp and the muscles of facial expression using the model.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT6.2	Demonstrate the boundaries and contents of the temporal fossa.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT6.3	Describe the anatomy and movements of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT6.4	Correlate the anatomy of the face and TMJ with clinical conditions such as facial nerve palsy and TMJ disorders.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

The Orbit

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT7.1	Identify the bony walls and openings of the orbit.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT7.2	Demonstrate the extraocular muscles and their innervation.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT7.3	Locate the structures passing through the superior and inferior orbital fissures and optic canal.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT7.4	Explain clinical correlations such as orbital fractures and oculomotor nerve palsy.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Parotid Region & TMJ

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT8.1	Identify the boundaries and contents of the parotid region on the anatomical model.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT8.2	Demonstrate the course of the facial nerve through the parotid gland.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT8.3	Describe the anatomical relations of the parotid gland to adjacent structures such as the masseter and mandible.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT8.4	Correlate parotid anatomy with clinical conditions like parotitis and facial nerve injury.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Infratemporal Fossa, Oral Cavity

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT9.1	Identify the boundaries and contents of the infratemporal fossa.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT9.2	Demonstrate the branches of the maxillary artery and the mandibular nerve (V3).	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT9.3	Describe the anatomy of the oral cavity including tongue, hard and soft palate.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT9.4	Understand the clinical significance of the pterygoid venous plexus and lingual nerve.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Pharynx, Larynx

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT10.1	Identify the divisions and walls of the pharynx on the model.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT10.2	Demonstrate the cartilages and muscles of the larynx.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT10.3	Describe the innervation of the pharynx and larynx including branches of the vagus nerve.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT10.4	Correlate the anatomy with clinical conditions such as dysphagia and vocal cord paralysis.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Nose & Paranasal Sinuses, Eye & Ear

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT11.1	Identify the nasal cavity, nasal septum, and lateral wall structures.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT11.2	Demonstrate the locations and drainage pathways of the paranasal sinuses.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT11.3	Describe the external and middle ear structures, including tympanic membrane and ossicles.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT11.4	Relate anatomical features to clinical conditions such as sinusitis and otitis media.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

The Brain

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT12.1	Identify the major lobes, sulci, and gyri on the surface of the brain model.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT12.2	Demonstrate the major arteries supplying the brain, including the circle of Willis.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT12.3	Describe the functional areas of the cerebral cortex.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT12.4	Correlate the anatomy of brain blood supply with clinical conditions like stroke.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Meninges, Dural Sinuses, CSF, Hindbrain

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT13.1	Identify the layers of the meninges and their anatomical arrangement.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT13.2	Demonstrate the location and flow pathway of the dural venous sinuses.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT13.3	Describe the production and circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT13.4	Locate the structures of the hindbrain: pons, medulla, and cerebellum, and relate them to clinical conditions like hydrocephalus.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Midbrain, Ventricles

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT14.1	Identify the major external and internal features of the midbrain.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT14.2	Demonstrate the locations of the cerebral aqueduct and surrounding structures.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT14.3	Describe the ventricular system and its communication pathways.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT14.4	Relate ventricular anatomy to conditions such as obstructive hydrocephalus.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Diencephalon & Basal Nuclei

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT15.1	Identify the major parts of the diencephalon including thalamus and hypothalamus.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT15.2	Demonstrate the anatomical relations of the diencephalon to surrounding brain structures.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT15.3	Describe the components and functions of the basal nuclei.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT15.4	Correlate the anatomy of the basal nuclei with motor control and diseases like Parkinson’s.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Gross Anatomy of the Spinal Cord & Blood Supply

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT16.1	Identify the external features and segments of the spinal cord.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT16.2	Demonstrate the spinal cord enlargements and conus medullaris.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT16.3	Demonstrate the spinal cord enlargements and conus medullaris.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT16.4	Relate spinal cord blood supply to clinical syndromes such as anterior spinal artery syndrome.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Neuroanatomy of the Spinal Cord (Tracts), Cranial Nerves

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT17.1	Identify the major ascending and descending spinal tracts on cross-sectional models.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT17.2	Describe the functions and decussation points of key tracts (e.g., corticospinal, spinothalamic).	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT17.3	Identify the origin and exit points of cranial nerves from the brainstem.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT17.4	Relate clinical signs to lesions in spinal tracts and cranial nerves.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Cranial Nerves

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
ANAT18.1	Identify the nuclei, course, and exit points of all 12 cranial nerves.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT18.2	Demonstrate the functional components (motor, sensory, parasympathetic) of each cranial nerve.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT18.3	Relate cranial nerve anatomy to clinical signs of lesions (e.g., diplopia, facial palsy).	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE
ANAT18.4	Review common clinical tests used to assess cranial nerve function.	K	LAB	CIVA & OSPE

Embryology \ Grade 2

Code: EMBR 205    Credits: 2

General Embryology 1

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR1.1	Define and differentiate between mitosis and meiosis, including the number of divisions and genetic outcomes, by listing at least 3 key differences in a short-answer quiz.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR1.2	Describe the migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) from the yolk sac to the gonads by outlining the timeline and movement path by the end of the session.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR1.3	Illustrate the stages of gametogenesis and identify where abnormalities may lead to conditions such as teratomas using labeled diagrams and clinical scenarios.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR1.4	Analyze the process of crossover during meiosis I by explaining how it contributes to genetic variability with at least one real-life example.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR1.5	Evaluate the significance of embryological knowledge in prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling by discussing two examples in a short reflective essay or group discussion.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

General Embryology 2

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR2.1	List and define the four main types of chromosomal abnormalities (numerical, structural, translocations, and fragile sites) using simple definitions and clinical examples.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR2.2	Explain the process of nondisjunction in meiosis and mitosis, including how it leads to syndromes such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome, supported by basic diagrams or karyotypes.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR2.3	Identify the chromosomal abnormality and match it to the corresponding genetic syndrome (e.g., trisomy 21, Klinefelter’s), demonstrating accurate interpretation of signs.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR2.4	Compare and contrast microdeletion syndromes (e.g., Angelman vs. Prader-Willi), analyzing how maternal vs. paternal inheritance leads to different phenotypes despite the same chromosomal region.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR2.5	Evaluate the clinical implications of maternal age on chromosomal nondisjunction, and support their discussion with statistical data and real-world examples.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

General Embryology 3

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR3.1	Define oogenesis and spermatogenesis and recall their respective sites, onset, and duration in the human reproductive system.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR3.2	Describe the step-by-step progression of primary oocyte maturation from fetal development to ovulation using sequential terminology and key hormonal triggers.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR3.3	Identify structural or numerical abnormalities in gametes and predict their potential impact on fertility or early embryonic development.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR3.4	Analyze and compare the regulatory mechanisms of spermatogenesis and oogenesis, highlighting the roles of LH, FSH, Sertoli, and Leydig cells.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR3.5	Evaluate the morphological transformations during spermiogenesis and explain how each step ensures functional sperm formation, using diagrams or descriptive assessments.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Ovulation to Implantation

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR4.1	Recall and define the main hormonal regulators of the ovarian cycle, including FSH, LH, and their role in follicular development and ovulation.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR4.2	Describe the three main phases of fertilization (penetration of corona radiata, zona pellucida, and membrane fusion) with correct terminology and sequence.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR4.3	Apply their understanding to identify where fertilization failure might occur and propose appropriate assisted reproductive technologies such as IVF or ICSI.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR4.4	Analyze the cellular responses of the oocyte after sperm entry, including cortical reaction, resumption of meiosis, and zygote formation, using schematic representation or case examples.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR4.5	Evaluate the significance of capacitation and the acrosome reaction in successful fertilization by comparing normal vs. defective sperm behavior.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Pre-embryonic Period

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR5.1	Recall and define key stages of early embryonic development, including cleavage, morula, blastocyst, and bilaminar germ disc formation.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR5.2	Explain the transformation of the trophoblast and embryoblast into their respective layers and describe the formation of the amniotic cavity and yolk sac.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR5.3	Identify embryological structures (e.g., epiblast, hypoblast, primary villi) on histological diagrams and correlate them with their developmental days.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR5.4	Analyze the chronological sequence of morphological events from zygote to implantation and distinguish between day-specific embryonic milestones.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR5.5	Evaluate the clinical relevance of syncytiotrophoblast function by explaining the role of hCG in early pregnancy testing and embryo viability.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Trilaminar Germ Layer

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR6.1	Define the trilaminar germ disc and list the three primary germ layers formed during gastrulation: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR6.2	Describe the structural development of the oropharyngeal membrane, cloacal membrane, and prechordal plate, and their roles in body axis formation.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR6.3	Identify clinical abnormalities such as holoprosencephaly, situs inversus, and sacrococcygeal teratomas, and relate them to defects in gastrulation and primitive streak development.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR6.4	Analyze the transformation of primary, secondary, and tertiary villi and explain how this progression supports the formation of the placental villous capillary system.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR6.5	Evaluate the role of the connecting stalk and chorionic villi in establishing embryo-maternal circulation and assess how these adaptations support early embryonic survival.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

3rd to 8th Weeks

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR7.1	List the major derivatives of the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm germ layers, including key structures and organ systems.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR7.2	Describe the processes of neurulation and somite formation, explaining the role of the notochord, neural tube, and paraxial mesoderm.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR7.3	Identify clinical conditions such as neural tube defects, sacrococcygeal teratoma, and situs inversus, and associate them with the corresponding embryological events.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR7.4	Analyze the morphogenetic movements such as cephalocaudal and lateral folding, explaining how these lead to the formation of the body plan and ventral body wall.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR7.5	Evaluate the importance of germ layer interactions in forming complex tissues (e.g., neural crest derivatives, blood vessels) and explain how disruption may affect organ development.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Fetal period

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR8.1	Define the fetal period and identify key terms such as CRL, CHL, and the developmental milestones by trimester.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR8.2	Explain the monthly changes in fetal growth, including weight and body proportions, and the significance of structures such as vernix caseosa and lanugo.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR8.3	Use fetal biometric data (e.g., biparietal diameter, femur length) to estimate gestational age and correlate it with typical developmental features observable via ultrasound.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR8.4	Distinguish between Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR) and Small for Gestational Age (SGA) by comparing clinical definitions, causes, and outcomes.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR8.5	Evaluate the long-term clinical implications of IUGR, including its association with chronic conditions such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and neurodevelopmental disorders.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Placenta

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR9.1	Define the placenta and identify its fetal and maternal components, including chorion frondosum and decidua basalis.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR9.2	Explain the development and structure of placental villi (primary, secondary, and tertiary) and how they facilitate maternal-fetal exchange.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR9.3	Describe and interpret clinical conditions such as preeclampsia and hemolytic disease of the newborn, including their causes and placental origins.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR9.4	Compare dizygotic and monozygotic twinning based on placental arrangement, chorionicity, and timing of embryonic division.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR9.5	Evaluate the endocrine functions of the placenta by discussing the role of hormones such as hCG, progesterone, and human placental lactogen in pregnancy maintenance.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Birth Defects

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR10.1	Define the terms birth defect, malformation, disruption, deformation, syndrome, and association, and recall the incidence of congenital anomalies.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR10.2	Describe the principles of teratology and explain how timing, genetics, and dosage of teratogens affect embryonic development.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR10.3	Classify types of birth defects (e.g., sirenomelia, amniotic band syndrome) according to the proper category: malformation, disruption, or deformation.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR10.4	Analyze prenatal diagnostic techniques (ultrasound, CVS, amniocentesis) and their role in detecting fetal abnormalities or developmental delays.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR10.5	Evaluate methods of birth defect prevention (e.g., folic acid, iodine supplementation) and justify their role in reducing the incidence of neural tube and metabolic disorders.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Embryology of CVS1

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR11.1	Identify and describe the origin of the cardiogenic field, including the early heart tube formation from the splanchnic mesoderm.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR11.2	Explain the process of lateral and cephalocaudal folding and how these contribute to positioning the heart in the thoracic cavity.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR11.3	Illustrate the steps of cardiac looping and label the resulting anatomical regions (e.g., truncus arteriosus, bulbus cordis, ventricle, atrium) on diagrams.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR11.4	Analyze the development of the sinus venosus and distinguish between the fates of the right and left sinus horns and their venous contributions.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR11.5	Evaluate clinical outcomes of defective cardiac looping such as dextrocardia and situs inversus, and correlate them with embryological mechanisms.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Embryology of CVS2

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR12.1	Identify the steps of atrial and ventricular septum formation, including the roles of septum primum, septum secundum, and endocardial cushions.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR12.2	Explain how the conotruncal septum and neural crest cells contribute to the separation of the aorta and pulmonary artery during heart development.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR12.3	Diagnose common congenital heart defects (e.g., ASD, VSD, tetralogy of Fallot) by linking them to their embryological origin.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR12.4	Analyze the functional consequences of atrioventricular septal defects and explain how improper fusion of endocardial cushions can lead to combined anomalies.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR12.5	Evaluate the relationship between neural crest cell migration and craniofacial syndromes associated with congenital heart disease (e.g., DiGeorge syndrome).	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Embryology of CVS3

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR13.1	Define vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and list the derivatives of the major aortic arches.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR13.2	Describe the structure and function of the fetal circulation, including the role of the ductus venosus, oval foramen, and ductus arteriosus.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR13.3	Trace the pathway of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the fetal body and apply this understanding to explain how fetal organs receive different oxygen levels.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR13.4	Analyze the changes in circulatory anatomy that occur after birth and explain how fetal shunts are transformed into adult structures.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR13.5	Evaluate clinical vascular anomalies such as patent ductus arteriosus and coarctation of the aorta, differentiating between preductal and postductal types.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Embryology of Respiratory System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR14.1	Define the embryological origins of the lung epithelium and surrounding tissues and recall key stages of lung bud formation starting in week 4.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR14.2	Explain the partitioning of the foregut by the tracheoesophageal septum and describe how tracheoesophageal fistulae (TEFs) can form from developmental errors.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR14.3	Identify the stages of lung maturation and correlate the presence of surfactant with fetal viability and respiratory function at birth.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR14.4	Analyze the structural differentiation of the bronchial tree and pleural cavities, including the formation of bronchopulmonary segments and pleural linings.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR14.5	Evaluate the causes, consequences, and clinical management of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), especially in preterm infants lacking surfactant.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Embryology of GIT1

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR15.1	Define the terms mesentery, peritoneal ligaments, and distinguish between intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR15.2	Explain the embryological development and rotation of the stomach, including the formation of curvatures and peritoneal folds like the omental bursa.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR15.3	Identify key structures derived from the hepatic diverticulum and relate them to clinical conditions like biliary atresia and congenital liver abnormalities.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR15.4	Analyze the dual embryonic origins of the duodenum and its blood supply, and explain how its position becomes retroperitoneal during development.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR15.5	Evaluate common congenital malformations such as esophageal atresia, pyloric stenosis, and hiatal hernia based on their embryologic origins and clinical significance.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Embryology of GIT2

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR16.1	Identify the embryological origins and duct development of the pancreas, including the contributions of the dorsal and ventral buds.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR16.2	Explain the process of midgut rotation and physiological herniation and describe how these movements influence the positioning of intestinal organs.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR16.3	Differentiate between omphalocele and gastroschisis based on anatomical presentation, embryological cause, and clinical consequences.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR16.4	Analyze the implications of abnormal gut rotation (e.g., volvulus, malrotation) and their impact on blood supply, using real-life examples like atresias or mesenteric entrapment.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR16.5	Evaluate hindgut development and its related defects, such as imperforate anus and rectourethral fistulas, with respect to urorectal septum formation and cloacal partitioning.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Embryology of Urinary System1

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR17.1	List and differentiate the three kidney systems (pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros) and recall their respective functions and fates.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR17.2	Describe the dual origin of the kidney, explaining how the ureteric bud and metanephric mesoderm contribute to nephron and collecting system development.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR17.3	Identify normal and abnormal kidney development on diagrams and relate structural changes to clinical conditions such as Wilms' tumor and multicystic dysplastic kidney.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR17.4	Analyze the formation of nephrons and explain how defects in branching of the ureteric bud can lead to renal agenesis or polycystic kidney disease.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR17.5	Evaluate congenital renal anomalies (e.g., Potter sequence, duplicated ureters) based on embryological origins and assess their impact on fetal development and postnatal life.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Embryology of Urinary System2

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR18.1	Define the stages of kidney ascent and identify structures such as the ureter, bladder, and urachus along their developmental timeline.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR18.2	Describe the process of bladder and urethra development from the urogenital sinus, including the role of the urorectal septum and mesonephric ducts.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR18.3	Recognize and differentiate anomalies such as pelvic kidney, horseshoe kidney, urachal fistula, and bladder exstrophy using embryological and clinical features.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR18.4	Analyze how migration, rotation, and arterial supply changes impact kidney positioning and explain the embryologic basis of accessory renal arteries.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR18.5	Evaluate severe congenital anomalies like cloacal exstrophy and correlate them with failures in body wall closure and urorectal septum formation.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Embryology of Genital System1

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR19.1	Identify the embryological origins of the gonads, genital ducts, and germ cells, including the role of the intermediate mesoderm, coelomic epithelium, and yolk sac.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR19.2	Describe the genetic and molecular mechanisms of sex determination, focusing on the role of the SRY gene and testis-determining factor in gonadal differentiation.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR19.3	Compare male and female gonadal development, identifying structural changes in the primitive sex cords, tunica albuginea, and formation of primary follicles.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR19.4	Analyze the developmental trajectory of mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts in both sexes and predict which structures they will form or regress into.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR19.5	Evaluate the timing and anatomical changes during the indifferent stage of genital development and assess how failure in germ cell migration can result in gonadal dysgenesis.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Embryology of Genital System2

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
EMBR20.1	Identify the embryological origins of the uterus, vagina, and gubernaculum, and describe the contributions of the paramesonephric ducts and urogenital sinus.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR20.2	Explain the descent of the testes, including the role of the gubernaculum, intra-abdominal pressure, and formation of the tunica vaginalis.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR20.3	Classify uterine and vaginal anomalies such as uterus didelphys and bicornis, and relate them to failed duct fusion or incomplete canalization.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR20.4	Analyze the pathogenesis of congenital inguinal hernia, hydrocele, and cryptorchidism based on abnormal development of the processus vaginalis.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
EMBR20.5	Evaluate the dual embryonic origin of the vagina and assess the developmental timing and hormonal factors that influence normal and abnormal testicular descent.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

HISTOLOGY \ Grade 2

Code: HIST 204    Credits:6

Circulatory System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST1.1	Understand the structure and function of blood vessels.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST1.2	Differentiate types of blood vessels.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST1.3	Explore the role of endothelium and capillaries.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST1.4	Relate endothelial damage to conditions like atherosclerosis and thrombosis.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST2.1	Understand microcirculation and capillary function.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST2.2	Compare venous structures and their roles.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST2.3	Explore the heart’s layers and conducting system.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST2.4	Introduce the lymphatic vascular system.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNIT

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST3.1	Understand the immune system’s components and functions.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST3.2	Differentiate between innate and adaptive immunity.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST3.3	Explore how immune responses work.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST3.4	Describe the functions of B cells, T cells, and natural killer (NK) cells.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

LYMPHOID SYSTEM

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST4.1	Understand the structure and function of lymphoid organs.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST4.2	Explore lymph node anatomy and filtration role.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST4.3	Explain lymphocyte recirculation and immune surveillance.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST4.4	Discuss the role of lymph nodes in metastasis (cancer spread) and their enlargement during infection.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

LYMPHOID SYSTEM

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST5.1	Understand the structure and function of the thymus.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST5.2	Explore T cell maturation and selection.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST5.3	Examine the spleen’s role in immunity and blood filtration.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST5.4	Relate clinical aspects of lymphoid organs.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Skin

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST6.1	Understand the structure and layers of the skin.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST6.2	Explore the functions of skin.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST6.3	Identify key epidermal cells and their roles.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST6.4	Discuss conditions like psoriasis (rapid keratinocyte turnover), melanoma (mali gnant melanocytes), and vitiligo	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Skin

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST7.1	Understand the Structure and Function of the Respiratory System	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST7.2	Explore the Respiratory Epithelium and Its Cell Types.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST7.3	Examine Specialized Regions of the Nasal Cavity.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST7.4	Discuss disorders like immotile cilia syndrome (cilia dysfunction) and olfactory neuron damage, linking them to specific histological features.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Respiratory System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST8.1	Understand the Bronchial Tree Structure and Function.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST8.2	Explore the Transition to Gas Exchange Structures.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST8.3	Examine Alveolar Histology and the Blood Air Barrier.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST8.4	Discuss disorders like COPD, asthma, respira tory distress syndrome (surfactant deficiency), and lung cancer, linking them to structural or functional abnormalities in the respiratory system.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Digestive System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST9.1	Understand the General Structure of the Digestive Tract	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST9.2	Explore the Histology of Key Digestive Organs	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST9.3	Examine the Stomach’s Regional Specializations	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST9.4	Discuss disorders like GERD, Barrett’s esophagus, peptic ulcers, and pernicious anemia, linking them to structural or functional abnormalities in the digestive system	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST10.1	Understand the Structure and Function of the Small Intestine	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST10.2	Explore the Histological Features of the Small Intestine	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST10.3	Examine the Large Intestine’s Role in Digestion	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST10.4	Discuss the significance of Peyer’s patches (immune surveillance glands, mucus secretion), and conditions like appendicitis or hemorrhoids linked to structural abnormalities, and Brunner’s glands	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Pancreas

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST11.1	Understand the Structure and Function of Salivary Glands	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST11.2	Explore the Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST11.3	Examine the Histological Features of Pancreatic Cells	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST11.4	Discuss disorders like diabetes mellitus (beta cell dysfunction), pancreatitis (enzyme activation), and pancreatic tumors, linking them to structural or functional abnormalities	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Practical

Tissue Processing

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST1.1	Understand the steps involved in tissue processing, including fixation, dehydration, clearing, and embedding.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST1.2	Identify common artifacts that can occur during tissue processing.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST1.3	Describe the importance of each processing step for maintaining tissue structure.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST1.4	Correlate processing methods with quality of histological slides.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Vascular System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST2.1	Understand the steps involved in tissue processing, including fixation, dehydration, clearing, and embedding.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST2.2	Identify common artifacts that can occur during tissue processing.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST2.3	Describe the importance of each processing step for maintaining tissue structure.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST2.4	Correlate processing methods with quality of histological slides.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Lymphoid System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST3.1	Identify primary and secondary lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils).	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST3.2	Describe the histological architecture of lymph nodes and spleen.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST3.3	Recognize lymphatic tissue in MALT (e.g., Peyer’s patches, tonsils).	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST3.4	Correlate lymphoid structure with immune response functions.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Skin

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST4.1	Identify the layers of the epidermis and differentiate between thick and thin skin.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST4.2	Recognize the dermis and its components, including connective tissue and blood vessels.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST4.3	Identify skin appendages such as hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST4.4	Understand how skin histology supports its protective and sensory roles.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Respiratory System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST5.1	Recognize the epithelial lining and supporting structures in the trachea and bronchi.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST5.2	Identify bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli in lung tissue.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST5.3	Differentiate between conducting and respiratory portions of the respiratory system.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST5.4	Understand how structural changes facilitate gas exchange.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Digestive Tract (Part 1)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST6.1	Identify types of papillae and muscle arrangement in the tongue.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST6.2	Recognize salivary gland types (parotid, submandibular, sublingual) and their acini.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST6.3	Identify epithelial transitions at the esophagogastric junction.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST6.4	Differentiate between the regions of the stomach histologically (cardiac, fundic, pyloric).	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Digestive Tract (Part 2)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST7.1	Identify villi, crypts, and specific glands (Brunner’s, Peyer’s patches) in small intestine.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST7.2	Compare mucosal architecture of ileum and colon.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST7.3	Recognize lymphoid tissue in appendix and epithelial transition at ano-rectal junction.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST7.4	Relate histological features to absorptive and immune functions.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Liver and Pancreas

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST8.1	Identify liver lobules, portal triads, and central veins.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST8.2	Distinguish exocrine and endocrine regions of the pancreas.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST8.3	Recognize the histological organization of hepatocytes and pancreatic acini.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST8.4	Correlate structure with metabolic and digestive functions.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Endocrine System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST9.1	Identify histological zones of the pituitary and adrenal glands.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST9.2	Recognize thyroid follicles and parafollicular cells.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST9.3	Differentiate between endocrine and exocrine components of the pancreas.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST9.4	Describe pineal gland structure and its role in circadian rhythm regulation.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Reproductive System

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST10.1	Identify seminiferous tubules and spermatogenic cells in the testis.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST10.2	Recognize ducts and glandular structures of the male reproductive tract.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST10.3	Describe the ovarian follicular stages and corpus luteum structure.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST10.4	Recognize uterine layers and changes in pregnancy (placenta, mammary gland development).	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Kidney

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST11.1	Identify renal cortex and medulla, and locate renal corpuscles.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST11.2	Distinguish proximal and distal convoluted tubules histologically.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST11.3	Recognize loop of Henle and collecting ducts.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST11.4	Understand the role of nephron structures in urine formation.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Ureter & Urinary Bladder

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
HIST12.1	Identify transitional epithelium lining the ureter and urinary bladder.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST12.2	Recognize the smooth muscle layers and their arrangement in the ureter.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST12.3	Identify detrusor muscle in the bladder and describe its role in contraction.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question
HIST12.4	Correlate the structure of the urinary tract with its function in urine storage and passage.	K	Large Group lecture	-MCQ -Short answer question

Medical biology - Grade 1

Code: BIO 103    Credits: 6

Cell Structure and Function

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO1.1	Identify the basic components of a eukaryotic cell under the microscope.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO1.2	Describe the structure and function of the plasma membrane and cytoplasm.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO1.3	Recognize the morphology and role of mitochondria in cellular energy production.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO1.4	Explain the presence and significance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Ribosome, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Complex

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO2.1	Differentiate between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum using diagrams or models.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO2.2	Describe the structure and function of ribosomes in protein synthesis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO2.3	Identify the location and role of the Golgi complex in post-translational modification.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO2.4	Interpret electron micrographs showing the ER, ribosomes, and Golgi apparatus.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Lysosome, Cytoskeleton, Nucleus

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO3.1	Describe the structure and digestive role of lysosomes.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO3.2	Identify components of the cytoskeleton and explain their role in cellular shape and transport.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO3.3	Locate the nucleus and its parts (nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin) under the microscope.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO3.4	Understand the significance of nuclear organization in cellular function and gene expression.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

lysosome, cytoskeleton, nucleus

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO4.1	Recognize the different stages of mitosis under the microscope.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO4.2	Describe the sequence of events in the cell cycle.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO4.3	Differentiate between interphase and mitotic phases.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO4.4	Understand the biological significance of mitosis in growth and repair.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Meiosis

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO5.1	Identify the phases of meiosis I and II using microscopic slides or illustrations.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO5.2	Compare the processes and outcomes of mitosis and meiosis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO5.3	Explain the importance of meiosis in genetic variation and reproduction.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO5.4	Recognize chromosomal crossover and its role in genetic diversity.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Gene and Chromosome

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO6.1	Describe the basic structure of a gene and chromosome.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO6.2	Identify chromosomal features under the microscope (e.g., centromere, arms, banding patterns).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO6.3	Differentiate between autosomes and sex chromosomes using karyotypes.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO6.4	Explain the relationship between genes, alleles, and genetic traits.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Genetics / Gene and Chromosome

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO7.1	Interpret human karyotypes and identify chromosomal abnormalities.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO7.2	Recognize common chromosomal disorders (e.g., Down syndrome, Turner syndrome).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO7.3	Understand chromosomal inheritance patterns through pedigree charts.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO7.4	Correlate gene mutations with disease phenotypes.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Genetic Engineering

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO8.1	Describe the basic principles of genetic engineering.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO8.2	Identify tools used in genetic manipulation (e.g., restriction enzymes, plasmids).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO8.3	Understand the steps involved in recombinant DNA technology.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO8.4	Discuss practical applications of genetic engineering in medicine and agriculture.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Genetic Engineering

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO9.1	Illustrate the process of gene cloning using diagrams or models.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO9.2	Understand the role of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) in DNA amplification.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO9.3	Explain how genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are produced.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO9.4	Discuss ethical considerations and biosafety issues in genetic engineering.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Blood Group

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO10.1	Determine ABO and Rh blood groups using blood typing tests.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO10.2	Understand the antigen-antibody interactions involved in blood grouping.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO10.3	Interpret blood typing results and identify compatible donors/recipients.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO10.4	Explain the clinical significance of blood group compatibility in transfusion.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Cancer Cell

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO11.1	Describe the morphological differences between normal and cancerous cells.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO11.2	Understand the basic characteristics of cancer cells such as uncontrolled growth and loss of contact inhibition.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO11.3	Identify histological slides showing malignant vs. benign tumors.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO11.4	Correlate cell cycle dysregulation with cancer development.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Tumor Suppressor Gene

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO12.1	Explain the function of tumor suppressor genes such as p53 and Rb.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO12.2	Understand the consequences of loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressor genes.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO12.3	Identify laboratory methods used to detect gene mutations.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO12.4	Discuss the role of tumor suppressor genes in cancer prevention and therapy.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Stem Cells

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO13.1	Define stem cells and differentiate between embryonic and adult stem cells.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO13.2	Understand the concepts of totipotency, pluripotency, and multipotency.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO13.3	Identify potential clinical applications of stem cell therapy.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO13.4	Discuss ethical issues and challenges related to stem cell research.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Epithelial Tissue

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO14.1	Identify different types of epithelial tissue under the microscope.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO14.2	Classify epithelial tissues based on the number of layers and cell shape.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO14.3	Describe the locations and functions of each epithelial type.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO14.4	Recognize pathological changes in epithelial tissues.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Cartilage Connective Tissue

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO15.1	Identify the three main types of cartilage (hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage) under the microscope.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO15.2	Describe the structural differences and specific locations of each cartilage type.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO15.3	Understand the role of chondrocytes and extracellular matrix in cartilage function.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO15.4	Correlate cartilage pathology with clinical conditions like osteoarthritis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Blood Tissue

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO16.1	Identify various blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) on stained blood smears.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO16.2	Differentiate between types of leukocytes based on morphology.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO16.3	Understand the functions of different blood cell types.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO16.4	Recognize abnormal blood cells in conditions like anemia or leukemia.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Bone Tissue

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO17.1	Identify compact and spongy bone under the microscope.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO17.2	Describe the structure of the Haversian system (osteon).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO17.3	Understand the roles of osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO17.4	Relate bone microanatomy to bone strength and remodeling.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Muscle Tissue

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO18.1	Differentiate between skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle in histological slides.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO18.2	Describe the structural and functional characteristics of each muscle type.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO18.3	Identify intercalated discs and striations in muscle tissue.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO18.4	Correlate muscle tissue types with their physiological roles.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Nervous Tissue

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO19.1	Identify neurons and neuroglial cells in stained tissue samples.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO19.2	Describe the structural components of a neuron: soma, axon, dendrites.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO19.3	Understand the function of neuroglia in supporting neural activity.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO19.4	Recognize histological changes associated with nerve injury or degeneration.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Entamoeba histolytica

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO20.1	Identify the trophozoite and cyst stages of Entamoeba histolytica under the microscope.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO20.2	Describe the morphology and diagnostic features of E. histolytica.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO20.3	Understand the mode of transmission and life cycle of the parasite.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO20.4	Discuss the clinical significance and diseases caused by E. histolytica (e.g., amoebic dysentery).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Giardia lamblia

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO21.1	Recognize the trophozoite and cyst stages of Giardia lamblia.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO21.2	Describe key microscopic features used for identification.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO21.3	Understand the transmission, life cycle, and pathogenesis of Giardia.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO21.4	Correlate laboratory findings with symptoms of giardiasis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Malaria

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO22.1	Identify different stages of Plasmodium (e.g., ring, trophozoite, schizont) in blood smears.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO22.2	Differentiate between species of Plasmodium (e.g., P. falciparum, P. vivax).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO22.3	Understand the life cycle of the malaria parasite, including the mosquito vector.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO22.4	Discuss diagnostic methods and clinical relevance of malaria.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Leishmania

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO23.1	Identify the amastigote (Leishman Donovan) bodies in tissue samples.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO23.2	Describe the morphology and diagnostic features of Leishmania.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO23.3	Understand the life cycle of Leishmania, including transmission mechanisms.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO23.4	Discuss diagnostic methods and clinical relevance of Leishmania infections.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Practical

Cell Organelles

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO1.1	Use a light microscope to observe and identify major cell organelles (e.g., nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO1.2	Compare and contrast plant vs. animal cell structures based on microscopic observations.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO1.3	Prepare wet mount slides correctly and apply staining techniques to enhance organelle visibility.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO1.4	Relate organelle structure to its function through experimental observations.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Cell Division (Mitosis)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO2.1	Identify and sketch the different stages of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) under a microscope.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO2.2	Prepare and analyze onion root tip squashes to observe mitotic phases.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO2.3	Calculate the mitotic index to estimate cell division activity in a sample.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO2.4	Compare normal vs. abnormal mitotic divisions (e.g., effects of chemicals on mitosis).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Cell Division (Meiosis)

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO3.1	Describe the life cycle of Echinococcus granuloses and identify the roles of definitive and intermediate hosts in disease transmission.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO3.2	Recognize the microscopic and macroscopic features of hydatid cysts and differentiate them from other parasitic structures.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO3.3	Recognize the microscopic and macroscopic features of hydatid cysts and differentiate them from other parasitic structures.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO3.4	Recognize the microscopic and macroscopic features of hydatid cysts and differentiate them from other parasitic structures.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

DNA and Chromosomes

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO4.1	Extract DNA from plant/animal cells using basic lab protocols.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO4.2	Visualize in karyotypes and identify structural abnormalities.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO4.3	Perform DNA gel electrophoresis to separate and analyze DNA fragments.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO4.4	Explain the relationship between DNA structure, genes, and chromosomes.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Genetic Engineering

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO5.1	Perform a plasmid digestion using restriction enzymes and analyze results via gel electrophoresis.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO5.2	Simulate bacterial transformation (e.g., pGLO plasmid) to understand recombinant DNA technology.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO5.3	Discuss real-world applications of genetic engineering (e.g., CRISPR, GMOs).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO5.4	Follow biosafety protocols when handling genetically modified organisms.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Tissue Processing

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO6.1	Learn the steps of tissue fixation, dehydration, embedding, and sectioning.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO6.2	Prepare paraffin-embedded tissue samples for microscopic examination.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO6.3	Operate a microtome to obtain thin tissue sections.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO6.4	Identify common artifacts in tissue processing and ways to avoid them.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Epithelial Tissue

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO7.1	Identify different types of epithelial tissues (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) under the microscope.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO7.2	Relate epithelial structure to its function in different organs (e.g., skin, intestines).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO7.3	Distinguish between simple vs. stratified epithelium in histological slides.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO7.4	Practice drawing and labeling epithelial tissue specimens accurately.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Connective Tissue

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO8.1	Recognize major connective tissue types (e.g., loose, dense, adipose, cartilage, bone).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO8.2	Compare the extracellular matrix composition of different connective tissues.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO8.3	Analyze collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers in stained slides (e.g., H&E, Masson’s trichrome).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO8.4	Correlate tissue structure with its mechanical and supportive roles in the body.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question

Blood Film

Number	Learning Objective	Domain K/S/A/C	Teaching Learning Methods	Assessment Methods
BIO9.1	Prepare and stain a peripheral blood smear using Wright/Giemsa stain.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO9.2	Identify and count different blood cells (RBCs, WBCs, platelets) under a microscope.	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO9.3	Recognize abnormal blood cell morphologies (e.g., sickle cells, leukocytosis).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question
BIO9.4	Relate blood cell observations to common disorders (anemia, infections).	K	Large group teaching	MCQ & Short answer question